This is something that interests me too. I have been collecting some
information, but didn't start building anything, yet.
First of all I understand that it will be cheaper and safer to buy a
commercial unit. Probably it is even unlawful to connect a non-approved
inverter to the grid.
If you, like me, are not disappointed by these facts of life, here is what I
found:
1) A grid connected inverter is a current source with output current
proportional to the mains voltage (and to the available input power)
2) You can choose one out of two basic circuits:
- DC in is converted to 300 VDC (many schematics available). 300 VDC is
chopped with a 4 quadrant PWM bridge. PWM output is filtered and fed to the
grid.
-DC in is chopped and filtered to obtain a 50 Hz sinewave and then a bulky
50 Hz transformer brings voltage up to 220 VRMS
PWM frequency should be around 100 Khz if you want a relatively small
ferrite output inductor. Thus if you want to go all digital you probably
need a fast MPU/DSP, or you could consider a stand alone PWM controller
(check IXYS IXDP610).
3) You can find some explanation at
http://vandewater.freeyellow.com/basics.html
Best regards
Alberto