Jph General English By Ur Mediratta Pdf Free Download 2021

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6140 - Google ran 20+ experiments to figure out the best shade of blue on the Search page. This might seem silly, but it helps at scale, since it could potentially find the shade that would help the most colorblind individuals.

Bharat Mediratta was a Distinguished Engineer at Google, CTO at Altschool, and CTO at Dropbox. At Google, he worked on GWS (Google Web Server), a system that I\u2019ve always been curious about, especially since its Wikipedia entry calls it \u201Cone of the most guarded components of Google's infrastructure\u201D.

In this podcast, we discuss GWS, bootstrapping a culture of testing at Google, breaking up services to be more manageable, monorepos, build systems, the ethics of software at scale, and more. We spent almost an hour and a half, and didn\u2019t even manage to cover his experiences at Altschool or Dropbox (which hopefully will be covered in a follow up).

0:20 - Background - Childhood interests in technology. His dad was a director at ADE, India. His dad recruited APJ Abdul Kalam, arguably one of India\u2019s most popular Presidents, and kick-started his career.

24:55 - Culture Fit (indoctrination)? Two weeks of \u201Cfairly intense education\u201D, a Noogler project, and a general investment of time and money to help explain the Google way of doing things. It wasn\u2019t accidental. I went through this in 2016 and definitely learnt a bunch, especially from an intriguing talk called \u201CLife of a Query\u201D.

33:40 - \u201CThey\u201D used to call GWS \u201Cthe neck of Google\u201D. Extremely critical, but also extremely fragile. Search results and 98% of revenue came through this system. One second of downtime implied revenue loss. Rewriting was infeasible.

34:50 - How to use unit tests to create a culture of shared understanding. Bharat released a manifesto that basically said \u201Call changes to GWS required unit tests\u201D. This caused massive consternation at the time.

36:10 - A quick example on how to enforce unit tests on new code. If an engineer didn\u2019t add a new unit test, Bharat would write the test for them, which often would be failing due to a bug in engineer\u2019s code. This led to a culture where engineers realized the value of writing these tests (and implicitly

41:50 - \u201CWhat kind of features were those hundreds of engineers adding to GWS?\u201D. An example - adding UPS tracking numbers automatically showed you UPS tracking results. These were all quiet launches.

47:40 - The evolution of GWS\u2019s architecture. Initially, very monolithic. GWS would talk to indices, get results, rank results, and send back HTML. This eventually was broken into layers. Each layer had responsibility, and the plan was to stick to that.

51:50 - \u201CA rewrite would have been a disaster\u201D. GWS was essentially refactored from inside out every 18 months for 11 years. The first one - was breaking out ranking from GWS to another service.

71:50 - Google had an ML model for search results back in 2004 that was competitive with the hand-built systems, but didn\u2019t end up using it, due to the lack of understandability. This has definitely changed now. I had read that document during my internship, but was surprised to learn that Google had a working ML model for ranking since 2004.

76:40 - Components in the Monorepo + Blaze (Bazel) helped Google scale build times and reduce iteration speed. Components is the most interesting piece, since to my understanding, it hasn\u2019t been written about much externally.

Noel Warford, University of Maryland; Collins W. Munyendo, The George Washington University; Ashna Mediratta, University of Maryland; Adam J. Aviv, The George Washington University; Michelle L. Mazurek, University of Maryland

People are frequently required to send documents, forms, or other materials containing sensitive data (e.g., personal information, medical records, financial data) to remote parties, sometimes without a formal procedure to do so securely. The specific transmission mechanisms end up relying on the knowledge and preferences of the parties involved. Through two online surveys (n=60 and n=250), we explore the various methods used to transmit sensitive documents, as well as the perceived risk and satisfaction with those methods. We find that users are more likely to recognize risk to data-at-rest after receipt (but not at the sender, namely, themselves). When not using an online portal provided by the recipient, participants primarily envision transmitting sensitive documents in person or via email, and have little experience using secure, privacy-preserving alternatives. Despite recognizing general risks, participants express high privacy satisfaction and convenience with actually experienced situations. These results suggest opportunities to design new solutions to promote securely sending sensitive materials, perhaps as new utilities within standard email workflows.

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Objectives: Primary healthcare internationally is facing a workforce crisis with fewer junior doctors choosing general practice (GP) as a career. In the UK, a national report on GP careers highlighted adverse influences during medical school on students' career choices. The authors explored these influences in two urban UK medical schools, both with relatively low numbers of students entering GP training.

Design: Using a phenomenological approach, the authors thematically analysed the reflective diaries of four medical students who were recruited as 'participant researchers' over a period of 10 months. These students made regular reflexive notes about their experiences related to GP career perceptions in their academic and personal environments, aiming to capture both positive and negative perceptions of GP careers. The research team discussed emerging data and iteratively explored and developed themes.

Setting: Two UK medical schools PARTICIPANTS: Undergraduate medical students RESULTS: Seven key themes were identified: the lack of visibility and physicality of GP work, the lack of aspirational GP role models, students' perceptions of a GP career as default, the performativity of student career choice with the perceptions of success linked to specialism, societal perceptions of GP careers, gender stereotyping of career choices and the student perception of life as a GP.

Conclusions: Students overwhelmingly reflected on negative cues to GP careers, particularly through their experience of the hidden curriculum. Three recommendations are made: the need for increased representation of GP role models in clinical curricula content delivery and senior leadership; ensuring GP clerkships involve an active and authentic student role with patients, enabling students to experience GP's 'work' including managing complexity, uncertainty and risk. Finally, institutions need to consider students' experiences of the hidden curriculum and the effect this can have on students' perception of careers, alongside the challenges of rankings and perceived hierarchical positioning of disciplines.

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The majority of childhood deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Many of these deaths are avoidable with basic critical care interventions. Quantifying the burden of pediatric critical illness in LMICs is essential for targeting interventions to reduce childhood mortality.

We will identify eligible studies by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and LILACS using MeSH terms and keywords. Results will be limited to infants or children (ages >28 days to 12 years) hospitalized in LMICs and publications in English, Spanish, or French. Publications with non-original data (e.g., comments, editorials, letters, notes, conference materials) will be excluded.

We will extract and report data on study, hospital, and patient characteristics; outcomes; and risk of bias. We will report the causes of admission and mortality by region, country income level, and age. We will report or calculate the case fatality rate (CFR) for each diagnosis when data allow.

By understanding the burden of pediatric critical illness in LMICs, we can advocate for resources and inform resource allocation and investment decisions to improve the management and outcomes of children with acute pediatric critical illness in LMICs.

Several recent global point prevalence studies have described the prevalence of key, individual acute pediatric critical illnesses. The Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Ventilation (PALIVE) study, conducted in 59 pediatric intensive care units (PICUs), found that 10.8% of children were diagnosed with acute lung injury (12). The Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Incidence and Epidemiology (PARDIE) study reported a prevalence of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome of 3.2% and an associated mortality of 17% mortality in children admitted to 145 PICUs from 27 countries (13). The International Survey of Critically Ill Children with Acute Neurological Insults (PANGEA) study conducted in 107 PICUs across 23 countries found an overall prevalence of acute neurologic insult to be 16.2% and all-cause hospital mortality was 12% (14). Finally, the Sepsis Prevalence, Outcomes, and Therapies (SPROUT) study was conducted in 128 PICUs across 26 countries and demonstrated a prevalence of pediatric severe sepsis of 8.2% with a hospital mortality of 25% (15).

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