Ebulliometer tables

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Bartek Knapek

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Feb 21, 2021, 11:11:55 AM2/21/21
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I am trying to reverse-engineer how the ebuliometer tables, for reading
ABV from delta temp, are made.

So far I found:

1. Churchward table
Commonly referenced in wine books where Ebulliometer method is described.
http://www.monashscientific.com.au/AlcoholEbulliometerDegreeTable.htm

2. Salleron-DuJardin ebuliometer wheel
A table version can be found on slide 11 here:
https://www.umpqua.edu/images/areas-of-study/career-technical/viticulture-enology/downloads/conferences/technical-symposia/2014-dec-wine-chemistry/2014-ts-ethanol.pdf

It does not say it is Salleron table there, but Wes posted a polynominal
fit of Salleron the other day (ABV = -0.02740254 + 1.059595*x +
0.01033226*x^2 + 0.003246685*x^3) and it is a match. Curious: did you
make it from The Weel yourself, Wes?

--

My problem is that these tables differ with ~0,2-0,3 %vol. I would like
to understand why.

Does anyone know where the Churchward table has been published first?
What was the original purpose, what exactly has it been tuned for.

Is there a description somewhere of how these tables are made?

I suppose they are based on water-alcohol mixtures, but tuned to account
for total solids' influence on boiling temperature. I found some hints
on how Salleron thought when he designed his table. Click on the book
under this link:
http://www.lecompendium.com/dossier_chaleur_15_ebulliometre_dujardin_salleron/ebulliometre_dujardin_salleron.htm,
and it will take you to a leaflet where he described his invention.
There he explains why/how he did adjustments, but the XIX
apparatus/model he uses feels a bit outdated, not sure it is fully
correct. Anyway, it is a good entry point for designing the tables
adjusted cider, which is what I would like to acheve here. But perhaps
such tables already exist?

BTW, does anyone have the calculation SW for ebulliometers,
https://allafrance.com/categories?categoryId=139 ?
I wonder does it have some options to choose different types of liquors?
Does it match The Wheel?

//Bartek

Wes Cherry

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Feb 22, 2021, 10:06:57 AM2/22/21
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From the wheel. I used some online polynomial curve fitter. 3rd order polynomial fit best.

-'//es Cherry
Dragon's Head Cider
Vashon Island, Wa US
www.dragonsheadcider.com



> On Feb 21, 2021, at 8:11 AM, Bartek Knapek <cy...@knapek.pl> wrote:
>
> I am trying to reverse-engineer how the ebuliometer tables, for reading ABV from delta temp, are made.
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Bartek Knapek

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Feb 22, 2021, 5:35:46 PM2/22/21
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Thanks Wes!

How old is your wheel, do you know? I wonder if there is just one D-S make, or did they improve over time.

Apparently there was a lot of interest in ebulliometry up until half of 20th century. Reviews of ebulliometers, data on construction of scales, discussion of accuracy of the original D-S wheel, improved tables, methods for compensating for sugars and other errors:
- De Astis 1933
- Joslyn et al 1937
- Churchward and Johns 1940 -> said to contain a table of corrections for sweet wines, I suppose this is the one I found
- Ribereau-Gayon and Peynaud 1947a
- Jaulmes 1951
- Amerine 1952
- Churchward 1953

Unfortunatelly, none of these old books is digitalized. The Churchward work, that I wanted to read most, is available via libraries, but locally in Australia, as it was printed part of an Australian Chemical Institute Journal and Proceedings.

Currently ebulliometry is just being mentioned, one of many other things, in general books on winemaking. But they usually just refer to the wheel/ruler provided with the device. Not much discussion otherwise. But maybe I just did not find good book yet? Some leads point to:

- Methods Analysis of Musts and Wines - Ough, Amerine, 1988
- Production Wine Analysis - Zoecklein, Fugelsang, Gump, Nury, 1990
- Wine Analysis and Production - Zoecklein, Fugelsang, Gump, Nury, 1997

They are quite expensive though. Perhaps someone owns one?

//Bartek

W dniu 22.02.2021 o 16:06, Wes Cherry pisze:

Claude Jolicoeur

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Feb 22, 2021, 7:53:12 PM2/22/21
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Bartek,
You might also be interested by the original publication by Salleron in French.
Claude

Bartek Knapek

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Feb 23, 2021, 7:43:21 AM2/23/21
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Thank you, yes I have seen these. But although impressive work, the apparatus/model is a bit rusty, and it has been questioned and problably re-worked over following decades.

But I have found something excellent! Established methods for ABV measurements by ebulliometers are described in Code of Federal Regulations. It covers several officially approved ebulliometer models: Malligand, Juerst, Tag-Twin, Lefco, Salleron-DuJardin, Braun.

Most important finding: the spirit must be dilluted, so that the boiling temperature vs. water is less than 4C. Apparently, it has been established that the tables work best in this range. The accuracy is then said to be better than 0,1%vol, regardless of sugar content! I guess this is what you have been looking for, Chris.

There are 2 detailed tables quoted: one for Lefco, one for Juerst. They are matching each other, as well as they match the DuJardin-Salleron table from Wes. Maximum deviation being 0,08 %vol, within the 4C range. In comparison, the Churchward table is way off (up to ~0,3 %vol) - it must have indeed been tuned for sweets.


Here come the tables, for future reference!

delta temp [C]
 Lefco
[%vol]
 Juerst
[%vol]
 D-S (Wes wheel) Churchward
%vol
0,00 0,00


0,05 0,05 0,05 0,03
0,10 0,10 0,10 0,08
0,15 0,15 0,15 0,13
0,20 0,20 0,20 0,18
0,25 0,25 0,25 0,24
0,30 0,30 0,30 0,29
0,35 0,35 0,35 0,34
0,40 0,40 0,40 0,40
0,45 0,45 0,45 0,45
0,50 0,50 0,50 0,51
0,55 0,56 0,56 0,56
0,60 0,61 0,61 0,61
0,65 0,67 0,66 0,67
0,70 0,72 0,71 0,72
0,75 0,77 0,76 0,77
0,80 0,83 0,82 0,83
0,85 0,89 0,87 0,88
0,90 0,94 0,92 0,94
0,95 1,00 0,97 0,99
1,00 1,05 1,02 1,05
1,05 1,10
1,10
1,10 1,15 1,12 1,15
1,15 1,20 1,17 1,21
1,20 1,25 1,23 1,26
1,25 1,30 1,28 1,32
1,30 1,36 1,34 1,37
1,35 1,41 1,39 1,43
1,40 1,46 1,45 1,49
1,45 1,52 1,50 1,54
1,50 1,57 1,56 1,60
1,55 1,63 1,61 1,65
1,60 1,66 1,67 1,71
1,65 1,73 1,72 1,76
1,70 1,79 1,78 1,82
1,75 1,84 1,83 1,88
1,80 1,90 1,89 1,93
1,85 1,95 1,94 1,99
1,90 2,00 1,99 2,05
1,95 2,06 2,04 2,10
2,00 2,11 2,10 2,16
2,05 2,17 2,15 2,22
2,10 2,22 2,21 2,27
2,15 2,28 2,27 2,33
2,20 2,33 2,33 2,39
2,25 2,39 2,39 2,45
2,30 2,45 2,45 2,50
2,35 2,50 2,51 2,56
2,40 2,56 2,57 2,62
2,45 2,63 2,63 2,68
2,50 2,69 2,68 2,74
2,55 2,75 2,74 2,80
2,60 2,81 2,79 2,85
2,65 2,87 2,85 2,91
2,70 2,93 2,90 2,97
2,75 3,00 2,96 3,03
2,80 3,06 3,02 3,09
2,85 3,11 3,09 3,15
2,90 3,17 3,15 3,21
2,95 3,22 3,21 3,27
3,00 3,28 3,27 3,33
3,05 3,33 3,34 3,39
3,10 3,39 3,40 3,45
3,15 3,44 3,45 3,51
3,20 3,50 3,50 3,58
3,25 3,56 3,56 3,64
3,30 3,62 3,64 3,70
3,35 3,68 3,70 3,76
3,40 3,74 3,76 3,82
3,45 3,81 3,82 3,88
3,50 3,87 3,88 3,95
3,55 3,94 3,94 4,01
3,60 4,00 4,00 4,07
3,65 4,07 4,07 4,14
3,70 4,12 4,14 4,20
3,75 4,19 4,21 4,26
3,80 4,25 4,27 4,33
3,85 4,33 4,34 4,39
3,90 4,39 4,41 4,45
3,95 4,45 4,47 4,52
4,00 4,52 4,53 4,58
4,05 4,59 4,60 4,65
4,10 4,66 4,67 4,71
4,15 4,73 4,74 4,78
4,20 4,80 4,80 4,85
4,25 4,87 4,87 4,91
4,30 4,93 4,93 4,98
4,35 5,00 5,00 5,04
4,40 5,06 5,08 5,11
4,45 5,14 5,15 5,18
4,50 5,21 5,22 5,25
4,55 5,28 5,29 5,31
4,60 5,37 5,36 5,38
4,65 5,43 5,43 5,45
4,70 5,50 5,50 5,52
4,75 5,57 5,57 5,59
4,80 5,66 5,64 5,66
4,85 5,71 5,71 5,73
4,90 5,77 5,78 5,79
4,95 5,86 5,88 5,86
5,00 5,93 5,92 5,93
5,05 6,00 5,99 6,01
5,10 6,07 6,06 6,08
5,15 6,13 6,13 6,15
5,20 6,19 6,20 6,22
5,25 6,26 6,27 6,29
5,30 6,33 6,34 6,36
5,35 6,39 6,41 6,43
5,40 6,46 6,48 6,51
5,45 6,57 6,55 6,58
5,50 6,60 6,62 6,65
5,55 6,68 6,69 6,73
5,60 6,74 6,76 6,80
5,65 6,82 6,83 6,87
5,70 6,89 6,90 6,95
5,75 6,97 6,96 7,02
5,80 7,04 7,05 7,10
5,85 7,11 7,12 7,17
5,90 7,19 7,19 7,25
5,95 7,27 7,26 7,33
6,00 7,35 7,34 7,40
6,05 7,43 7,42 7,48
6,10 7,51 7,49 7,56
6,15 7,59 7,57 7,64 7,4
6,20 7,67 7,65 7,71 7,5
6,25 7,75 7,73 7,79 7,6
6,30 7,83 7,81 7,87 7,6
6,35 7,90 7,89 7,95 7,7
6,40 7,98 7,97 8,03 7,8
6,45 8,06 8,06 8,11 7,9
6,50 8,14 8,14 8,19 7,9
6,55 8,22 8,22 8,27 8,0
6,60 8,30 8,30 8,35 8,1
6,65 8,38 8,38 8,43 8,2
6,70 8,46 8,47 8,51 8,3
6,75 8,59 8,55 8,59 8,3
6,80 8,60 8,63 8,68 8,4
6,85 8,70 8,72 8,76 8,5
6,90 8,78 8,80 8,84 8,6
6,95 8,86 8,89 8,93 8,7
7,00 8,94 8,97 9,01 8,8
7,05 9,02 9,05 9,09 8,8
7,10 9,10 9,13 9,18 8,9
7,15 9,18 9,22 9,26 9,0
7,20 9,26 9,30 9,35 9,1
7,25 9,35 9,39 9,43 9,2
7,30 9,43 9,47 9,52 9,3
7,35 9,51 9,55 9,61 9,3
7,40 9,60 9,63 9,70 9,4
7,45 9,68 9,72 9,78 9,5
7,50 9,77 9,80 9,87 9,6
7,55 9,85 9,89 9,96 9,7
7,60 9,93 9,98 10,05 9,8
7,65 10,02 10,07 10,14 9,8
7,70 10,11 10,16 10,23 10,0
7,75 10,19 10,25 10,32 10,0

//Bartek

W dniu 23.02.2021 o 01:53, Claude Jolicoeur pisze:
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Bartek Knapek

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Feb 27, 2021, 2:26:06 AM2/27/21
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Is the ebulliometer method of measuring ABV still approved for official purposes?

The regulation referenced below is from 1980 and I have not found anything more recent.

I suppose ebuliometry is being phased-out in favor of other methods?

But is it still official in some countries?

//Bartek

W dniu 23.02.2021 o 13:43, Bartek Knapek pisze:
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