Mekong Diaries
Lorrine Hatala
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The Woodberry Poetry Room is one of the largest A/V archives for poetry and literary recordings in the United States and a lively literary center at Harvard University---free and open to the public. Founded in 1931, the archive includes recordings of such authors as John Ashbery, Amiri Baraka, Elizabeth Bishop, Robert Creeley, E. E. Cummings, Robert Duncan, T. S. Eliot, Ralph Ellison, Robert Frost, Galway Kinnell, Allen Ginsberg, Louise Glck, Seamus Heaney, Jack Kerouac, Audre Lorde, Robert Lowell, Marianne Moore, Vladimir Nabokov, Charles Olson, Sylvia Plath, Claudia Rankine, Adrienne Rich, Wallace Stevens, Cecilia Vicua, Ocean Vuong, and Ral Zurita. The WPR YouTube channel features a wide array of public programs (readings, seminars, oral histories, and lectures) hosted by the Poetry Room since 2011.
North American Immigrant Letters, Diaries and Oral Histories (IMLD) (1800-1950) includes 342 authors and approximately 37,500 pages of information, illustrating what it meant to immigrate to America and Canada. Search this collection for letters, diaries, and oral histories.
The collection contains a substantial amount of correspondence, manuscripts, clippings and research files, along with some notes, receipts and invoices, and publications, the majority of which directly relate to the articles he produced and illustrate the scope of his intrests. Among those he corresponded with were editors and writers for the Manchester Guardian and the London Times, Alfred Knopf his publisher, the American Society of Newspaper Editors of which he was a member, and Lord Winster a free lance columnist in London who contributed articles to the Sun for many years. That he had a wide range of contacts both in the U.S. and Europe is particularly apparent in the correspondence connected with his several European trips. These trips were a for him a combination of work and pleasure serving both as a chance to meet with his contacts and those who were sources for his articles as well as an opportunity to visit th vinyards and wineries in France.
A significant portion of the manuscripts in the collection are from his syndicated column on public affairs which he wrote from 1963 until nearly the end of his life. Also included are drafts of his work on H.L. Mencken and a selection of editorials written for the Sun, both in manuscript draft and proof sheets. Of particular intrest are those editorial proofs marked killed editorial" as these were never published. Wagner also kept a small number of manuscripts by other writers among which were articles submitted by Lord Winsterfor publication in the Sun between 1952-1961.
Though more limited in scope the collection also contains documents pertaining to his work as an editor and to his personal avocation, winemaking. There are memoranda, case files, notes, correspondence, receipts and invoices, diaries, photos, and scrapbooks.
The manuscripts were found in a somewhat disordered state and in generally fair condition. The collection had been previously sorted so that the original order was not entirely clear but there appeared to be disctinct divisions in the materials between those documents created during Wagner's work for the Sun and those resulting from either his work as a free lance writer or his founding and running of Boordy Vineyards. As such it seemed best to arrange them into threse three primary series. The collection was processed by Marcia Frank Peri December 1997.
Description: Correspondence, manuscripts, clippings, research files and other materials relating to Wagners work as a free lance writer as well as personal correspondence, diaries, notebooks, photos and miscellany are arranged into 11 subseries by type of document.
Description: Correspondence files for individuals, associations, newspapers, and trips abroad are arranged in alphabetical order, followed by Miscellaneous correspondence in chronological order.
Description: Manuscripts for syndicated columns are arranged in chronological order followed by miscellaneous manuscripts: titled manuscripts in alphabetical order first, followed by untitled ones in chronological order, then untitled and undated manuscripts and manuscripts not by Philip Wagner.
Description: Contains files relating to Philip Wagner's work as a writer and editor for the Baltimore Sun. Documents are arranged into twelve sub series: Correspondence, manuscripts, proof sheets, clippings, research files, case files, notes,reports, memoranda, press release, publications, and photos.
Description: Materials relating to Philip Wagner's work as a vintner and founder of Boordy Vineyard. Documents are arranged into 7 sub series: correspondence, press release, clippings, pamphlets, diary, miscellany and photos.
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We live in a world of constant change, where multiple factors that generate vulnerability coincide, such as pandemics, climate change, and globalization, among other political and societal concerns. This demands the development of approaches capable of dealing with diverse sources of vulnerability and strategies that enable us to plan for and mitigate harm in the face of uncertainty. Our paper shows that the interpretation and conception that one gives to vulnerability in climate change can influence how decision-making solutions and adaptation measures are proposed and adopted. In this context, our approach integrates contextual vulnerability and decision-making planning tools to bolster the capacity to adapt at a local scale. We link our analysis to the evolution of vulnerability in climate change studies and some core articles and decisions on climate change adaptation and capacity building under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Conference of Parties throughout this study.
This paper highlights that in a world full of constant and rapid changes, there is a pressing need to bolster the capacity of complex social-ecological systems to anticipate and respond to diverse adverse climate change-related exposure, political-economy relations and other societal concerns that generate vulnerability (Folke et al., 2002; Engle, 2011; Whitney et al., 2017; Cinner et al., 2018). In this study, we integrate contextual vulnerability with decision-making planning tools as a means intended to increase the capacity to adapt locally in light of diverse sources of exposure. This paper is divided into four sections. Section 2 outlines vulnerability due to climate change viewed from different perspectives, including the dimensions of outcome and contextual vulnerabilities. Based on these insights, we show how we integrate contextual vulnerability with some decision-making planning tools in Section 3. Section 4 shows the conclusions of this paper.
Often, climate change has been understood and conceived as a scientific and technical problem in the scientific community. The risk-hazard research tradition has influenced assessments of climate change and continues to do so. This research tradition describes the hazard of a system of analysis as a dose-response relationship between an external hazard and its consequences for the system (Adger, 2006; Fssel, 2007; Tonmoy et al., 2014). This approach represents the classic conceptualization of vulnerability in engineering science, focusing on the physical elements of exposure and hazard impacts in terms of magnitude, rapidity of onset, duration, and frequency (Schrter et al., 2005; Fssel, 2007; McLaughlin and Dietz, 2008; Shitangsu, 2014). This view represents the most basic form in which climate-change discussions treat climate-change impacts at the onset of the problem through climate model projections. Influenced by Article 2 of UNFCCC, which calls on countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to avoid dangerous anthropogenic interference in the climate system, adaptation was considered a defeatist option that climate-change negotiators did not accept at the time, as support for adaptation implied recognizing that mitigation would be insufficient to address climate change (Oppenheimer, 2005; Pielke et al., 2007; Schipper et al., 2020). Adaptation was absent in the global policy discourse. Therefore, climate-change assessments were focused primarily on the projected impacts of external factors of change on a system (Thomas et al., 2019).
With this background, we note that climate-change vulnerability assessments have given considerable attention to the mismatch between the scale of GCMs and the local scale (Fowler et al., 2007). The use of climate models and scenarios derived from GCM, through statistical analysis and historical data, forecasts the potential effects of climate change on different scales. This linear form of approaching vulnerability locates the causality in climate hazards and not nearly enough on the social causation of vulnerability despite that they are both causal and have causes (Wisner, 1976; Wisner et al., 2003; Ribot, 2014). Systemic risks induced by climate change (e.g., the collapse of the local economy of a system of analysis due to diminishing agricultural production or diminishing tourism revenues) can trigger a cascade of detrimental effects on a system of analysis on social, ecological, political, and economic levels (Li et al., 2021). Therefore, vulnerability, defined as the projected impacts of external stressors on the exposed system of analysis, becomes one diagnosis rather than a way of identifying specific and actual vulnerability factors in systems of concern (Turner et al., 2003). In this context, it is significant that this technocratic view and rigid risk-hazard perspectives are shifting as our understanding of global dynamics and interactions evolves. Examples of this paradigm shift can be found, for instance, in the 5th assessment report (AR5) of the IPCC Working Group 2. AR5 is primarily focused on climate-related risks, taking into consideration human and natural systems and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR), a human-based approach rather than merely a technocratic view focused on risk reduction (Schipper et al., 2014; Rsnen et al., 2016; Busayo et al., 2020). Although still criticized from a political-economy perspective, these frameworks enable the integration of risk-hazard perspectives into climate change adaptation more coherently. In particular, the SFDRR's approach stresses the importance of vulnerability dimensions, disaster risk governance and stakeholders' participation in measures, strategies, and policy development during risk management processes (Lee and Chen, 2019; Matsuoka and Gonzales Rocha, 2021). As such, the SFDRR's approach has provided a platform to explore and integrate relationships and synergies between disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation and other societal concerns at diverse levels and sectors in more depth, hand in hand with other significant frameworks, including the Sustainable Development Goals, the Paris Agreement (PA), and the New Urban Agenda (Wisner, 2020).
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