Frank Ocean Endless Google Drive
Lorrine Hatala
There are approximately 12 miles of St. Johns County Beaches that allow for vehicular access. Vehicular access is permitted year-round; however, during the months of May through October, access is limited to the hours of 8:00am to 7:30pm. From March through September vehicles are required to purchase a beach driving pass. Daily and annual beach passes may be purchased from the toll attendants at the access ramps. Beach Driving Passes and Rules
Location: Between Ponte Vedra Beach and St. Augustine at 505 Guana River Road, Ponte Vedra Beach. GTMNERR Map
Facilities: The research reserve offers excellent educational opportunities, dune walkover, hiking, biking, and horseback riding trails.
Other information: The visitor center is a perfect place to stop for the day and visit. Just across A1A from the visitor center are beautiful coquina beaches where the occasional Right Whale sighting may take place. These beaches are also a popular spot for some quiet time while beachcombing. This is not a St Johns County managed facility. For more information, please contact the GTMNERR directly at 904-380-8600 or by visiting
Location: 2.25 miles south of the Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve on Highway A1A across the street from the South Ponte Vedra Fire Station. South Ponte Vedra Beach Recreation Map
Other information: South Ponte Vedra Park is a great spot for lunch overlooking the beautiful coquina landscape or on the beach to enjoy the many wonders that the ocean can bring in.
Other information: Beach offers endless recreational uses including fishing, sunbathing, beachcombing, surfing, and vehicle access ramp. Beach driving / parking is permissible with special beach use permit only.
Location: On Anastasia Island, at St. Augustine Inlet, 1 mile east of downtown St. Augustine and directly north of St. Augustine Beach at 340-A A1A South, St. Augustine. Anastasia State Park Map
Facilities: Offers windsurfing, kayaking, snack bar, hiking / biking / nature trails, dune walkover, campground, restrooms, picnic tables, and showers. Lifeguards staffed seasonally. Driving is prohibited on Anastasia State Park beaches.
Other Information: This is a Florida State Park and is not a St Johns County managed facility. For more information, please contact Anastasia State Park directly at (904) 461-2033 or visit
Facilities: Offers fishing, picnicking, a splash park, a pavilion that can be rented out for special events, restrooms, picnic tables, showers, and a visitor center are available. Lifeguards staffed seasonally.
Other information: The SJC Ocean Fishing Pier is the first of the pedestrian access points within the City of St. Augustine Beach limits. For more information about the City of St. Augustine Beach visit their website at www.staugbch.com.
Other information: Frank B. Butler hosted Martin Luther King, Jr. and associates in his motel in 1964 during a widely publicized civil rights visit to St. Augustine. In 1980 the State of Florida turned over the management of the park to St. Johns County. Environmentally sensitive dune system home to the native Anastasia Island Beach Mice and gopher tortoises.
Other information: Fort Matanzas National Monument visitor Center is located across the street. Horseback Riding is not permitted within park boundaries. The area hosts an assortment of protected species such as least terns, Anastasia Island Beach Mice, gopher tortoises, and sea turtles. This is not a St Johns County managed facility. For more information, please contact the national park directly at (904) 471-0116 or visit
About 99 percent of the atmosphere is made of oxygen and nitrogen, which cannot absorb the infrared radiation the Earth emits. Of the remaining 1 percent, the main molecules that can absorb infrared radiation are CO2 and water vapor, because their atoms are able to vibrate in just the right way to absorb the energy that the Earth gives off. After these gases absorb the energy, they emit half of it back to Earth and half of it into space, trapping some of the heat within the atmosphere. This trapping of heat is what we call the greenhouse effect. Because of the greenhouse effect created by these trace gases, the average temperature of the Earth is around 15C, or 59F, which allows for life to exist.
The burning of fossil fuels affects the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. Before the industrial revolution, the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere was about 288 ppm. We have now reached about 414 ppm, so we are on the way to doubling the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere by the end of this century. Scientists say that if CO2 doubles, it could raise the average global temperature of the Earth between two and five degrees Celsius. We are already increasing the amount of energy that bounces back to the Earth. Because of the greenhouse effect, this is causing global warming with its many destructive impacts.
Both water vapor and CO2 are responsible for global warming, and once we increase the CO2 in the atmosphere, the oceans warm up, which inevitably triggers an increase in water vapor. But while we have no way to control water vapor, we can control CO2. And because we are increasing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere by continuing to burn fossil fuels, even in relatively small amounts compared to the entire mass of the atmosphere, we are disturbing the entire heat balance of the planet.
And so, 1) in previous warming periods that were I initially started by non-CO2 causes, CO2 rises predictably follow temperature rises (and then further drive more increase). 2) In other cases (including the current warming period) it looks like CO2 is the primary cause of warming, but similar to the above this warming will cause even more CO2 release (a feed-forward cycle)..
Notice how this observation goes deeper into a window on the concept of feedbacks & forcing. Meaning if there is a tiny tweak in case A, does it bring a dramatic response or small one or does it trigger something else. Plants are plants in terms of gobbling up CO2 but yes trees with large leaf surface area are significant & perhaps we should be growing more.
You might also want to consider that thawing permafrost and volcanic eruptions put out the same C isotopes as fossil fuels. Meaning global warming will increase those isotopes making fossil fuel CO2 nearly impossible to accurately distinguish and quantify. There is nothing about climate science that easy and or straight forward.
The Holocene began at the end of the Younger Dryas and the last glacial maximus. Temps have been on the rise since that time, with the exception of two periods. One period was about 600 BC and the other was the little ice age.
It seems people rely on past temperatures of the earth to base their arguments. Considering the modern thermometer was invented in 1714. No one really has a clue what the temperature of the earth was less than 1000 years ago never mind a million years.
I suggest you spend some time studying finite critical resource dilution and depletion economics. We might have been flourishing up to about 1970 like any other biological bloom exploiting the planets resources, but once our finite critical resources become sufficiently depleted we will respond just all over resource limited biological blooms.
Has to do with mechanical & chemical weathering of rocks when speaking to the realm of carbon kept in rocks. Oceans will degas it when warmer vs colder (goes into solution). Do an experiment with warm champagne & one out of the fridge. The warm one once uncorked will erupt. All this has to do is with the Gas Laws in chemistry, Gibbs free energy, chemical bonds.
Thank you for this. To all those doing climate research or reporting . . . As many Americans think in terms of Fahrenheit, might you always accompany a Celsius temperature with its Fahrenheit equivalent?
Just convert Celsius principle Just subtract 32 from the Fahenheit temp. Multiply that number by 5. Devide the results by 9.
Multiply the Celsius temp. by 2 and add 30 it will give you the Fahrenheit temp.
We are told the industrial revolution caused co2 levels to rise and cause global warming, then surely a similar increase in water vapor emissions (courtesy of James Watt) would in theory have had a similar effect.
Water vapour is indeed a greenhouse gas, however it behaves differently, and is exacerbated by CO2. Whereas CO2 forms an homogenous shroud, water vapour is patchy, both in its distribution and temporally.
The reason we have weather period is because we have 2 distinct surficial mediums: land & large water basins. Their properties are different with water having the highest heat capacity means it can hold heat longer but it takes a long time to heat up. Thus during the course of the day these distinctions set up pressure gradients which in turn drive wind which in turn becomes part of the jet stream norm moving large air parcels around the globe. The parcels may be land derived or water derived & they may comprised of drier air vs very muggy air. The ebb & flo create the daily patterns of weather & the sum averages of these parcels in a specific geographic region set up what is the climate. The water vapor factor is the chief culprit in creating the ebb & flow of weather so in turn for a large part of geochronological time sets up the climate. On periods of 50-100 million years the plates move about the globe & in this some ocean basins will close & some will open up, thus setting up new climate patterns due to the absence or access to a large basin of water.
Right now level of CO2 is around 414 ppm. In the past, it has been up to 7500 ppm and no problem, actually in this period earth life prospered mostly as plants need CO2 to grow. Water and water vapor are responsible for around 70% of the greenhouse effect.