Kbstoolbox
Magdalen Dano
The Climate Resillient City Toolox ( , https/kbstoolbox.nl) can be used to explore which adaptation measures can better protect a neighborhood, neighborhood, site or street against flooding, drought and extreme heat. The tool is primarily designed for use in sessions with stakeholders and experts from different backgrounds. A joint answer is formulated to the question of how a site or area can be made more climate resillient. With what measures? Which measures are effective? And where is space for it? The toolbox offers a common knowledge base for the (risk) dialogue between all those involved in the area design.If during the early planning phase it is necessary to explore with various stakeholders where which adaptation measures can be taken and how effective this is, the CRC Toolbox can be deployed. Consider, for example, use as part of the risk dialogue. However, the toolbox can also be used to explore possible measures for a project area. For example, with the CRC Toolbox, various plan alternatives (scenarios) can be quickly drawn up, compared with each other and compared with previously set adaptation goals.The CRC Toolbox contains 40 adaptation measures from which users can choose. The information in the CRC Toolbox is based on proven properties and performance of the measures, tailored to the Dutch climate, and with unit prices for construction and the costs of management and maintenance. A spatial reservation for flood defenses can also be included in the package of measures as protection against flooding. The CRC Toolbox has been developed in cooperation with the following partners: Read the full terms and conditions I Agree Loading... window.__NUXT__={layout:"default",data:[{about:{title:"About the Climate Resilient City Toolbox",content:[{text:"The Climate Resillient City Toolox ( , https/kbstoolbox.nl) can be used to explore which adaptation measures can better protect a neighborhood, neighborhood, site or street against flooding, drought and extreme heat. The tool is primarily designed for use in sessions with stakeholders and experts from different backgrounds. A joint answer is formulated to the question of how a site or area can be made more climate resillient. With what measures? Which measures are effective? And where is space for it? The toolbox offers a common knowledge base for the (risk) dialogue between all those involved in the area design.
If during the early planning phase it is necessary to explore with various stakeholders where which adaptation measures can be taken and how effective this is, the CRC Toolbox can be deployed. Consider, for example, use as part of the risk dialogue. However, the toolbox can also be used to explore possible measures for a project area. For example, with the CRC Toolbox, various plan alternatives (scenarios) can be quickly drawn up, compared with each other and compared with previously set adaptation goals.
The CRC Toolbox contains 40 adaptation measures from which users can choose. The information in the CRC Toolbox is based on proven properties and performance of the measures, tailored to the Dutch climate, and with unit prices for construction and the costs of management and maintenance. A spatial reservation for flood defenses can also be included in the package of measures as protection against flooding.
Retention ponds temporarily capture precipitation and allow it to drain off slowly. During rainfall, the rainwater is captured in the pond and subsequently drained off to create room for the next precipitation. Retention ponds can be designed to have a mostly stony or a mostly natural appearance.
Rainwater detention ponds are excavated areas that are designed to detain a prescribed amount of stormwater runoff before reaching an overflow elevation that allows for excess runoff to be discharged to an outfall. These facilities are designed to drain from a full capacity within 48 hours, and can be fully planted with native plant species or simply turf grasses.
Rainwater retention ponds are excavated areas that are designed to detain a prescribed amount of stormwater runoff before reaching an overflow elevation that allows for excess runoff to be discharged to an outfall. These facilities are designed to drain from a full capacity within 48 hours, and can be fully planted with native plant species or simply turf grasses.
In many areas deep ground water aquifers are used as a source for drinking water. Groundwater infiltration is needed for sustainable use of these aquifers. If no water is infiltrated aquifers will be emptied. Deep groundwater infiltration is focussed on infiltration of water in deep aquifers. Rain water is collected and infiltrated in deep wells.
Rainwater harvesting is the collection and storage of stormwater for reuse on site. This is most commonly be achieved by capturing runoff from the roof of a building, however, it can also include the collection of runoff from throughout the site or byproducts from systems such as air conditioning condensate. The collection structures can take on multiple forms and be installed either above ground or subsurface. Depending on its source and treatment, the harvested water can be reused on site for irrigation.
Intensive green roofs have a minimum depth of six (6) inches and are a layered system containing growing media, waterproofing membrane, drainage, and advanced irrigation components. Intensive green roofs can support groundcovers, bushes and even trees, and therefore require more structural support and maintenance when compared to extensive green roofs.
A green roof is a multi-layered roof system that is partially or entirely covered with vegetation. Extensive green roofs have a maximum depth of six (6) inches and are a layered system containing growing media, waterproofing membrane, drainage, and often irrigation components. Extensive green roofs can support groundcovers and shallow root plant material, and therefore require less structural support and reduced maintenance when compared to intensive green roofs.
Various towns and cities have designed systems to achieve rainwater retention in public spaces. These systems, known as water squares, are linked to other urban functions such as playing areas, green areas and residential functions. Water squares are generally used in inner-city areas with little room for water buffers and where high groundwater levels make infiltration impossible.
Wetlands are water-rich natural areas that occur chiefly along rivers and in deltas. By their very nature, wetlands are overflow areas for rivers and as such are natural rainwater buffers. However, the urban expansions and the correspondingly lower groundwater levels put pressure on wetlands and wet nature around the world. In some cities, London for example, wetlands serve a function by developing greater biodiversity and natural and pleasant recreation areas for city dwellers.
Urban forests have many functions. Besides providing recreational space and contributing to a reduction in heat stress, they can create islands of relatively clean air in a city and improve the biodiversity. In addition, they contribute to limiting flooding, desiccation and salinization by infiltrating rainwater, and creating buffer and infiltration areas in the urban forests.
Temporary levees consist of complete removable components, which are installed following a flood warning and dismounted after a flood period. The temporary flood protection is especially interesting for use in the urban context as it takes less space than a permanent flood protection. Most likely the temporary measures are stored in special locations.
Designing the surface area for storage to handle greater fluctuations in water levels is a way of realising storage capacity without requiring additional surface area. In many locations, however, the height required cannot simply be created by a high groundwater level. Greater fluctuations in water levels will place demands on how the banks are designed and planted, since those banks will be exposed to more extreme conditions.
If in times of prolonged drought there is a chance of damage to the vegetation, it must be irrigated. If this is done periodically (weekly), plants will become accustomed that this does not occur daily and will take root deeper in the soil. If irrigation is done late in the day there is also less loss through evaporation.
Less paving in the garden and in urban areas has many advantages: the rainwater is absorbed into the ground, replenishing the groundwater. Paved surfaces get warmer in the summer than green space; removing paving creates more room for planting and the plants keep the area cooler on hot summer days. Removing paving offers animals, plants and soil life more space.
Rainwater tanks are the simplest systems for homes, and the easiest to install. In most cases, the precipitation is used for irrigating plants: the tank is already located outside. Commonly used rainwater tanks are not overly large (a common size is 224 litres), meaning that they require an overflow if the roof surface to which they are connected is too large.
A quay or wharf is a structure on the shore of a harbour or on the bank of a river or canal where ships may dock to load and unload. It can be a good flood protection in locations where available space is limited. Quays are mostly reinforced concrete structures.
Porous pavements consist of porous material through which water can pass; permeable pavements contain or create open parts through which water can infiltrate. These paving materials have several advantages: rainwater can be absorbed into the ground, replenishing the ground water and relieving the sewage system. Suitable materials are for example, open cell concrete blocks, grass concrete pavers, woodchips, shells or gravel.
Permeable pavements consist of porous material that absorbs rainfall. Water can be stored either in the top layer (e.g. very open asphalt concrete) or in below the top layer in the foundation. Besides reducing runoff, permeable pavements can trap suspended solids and filter pollutants from the water.
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