Temperaments Pdf

[Josefa Palsgrove]

Thisway of studying temperaments (which are the God-given wirings that display themselves through our personalities) has been around for about two thousand years, since hundreds of years before Jesus lived on earth. It originated with Hippocrates, who believed there were four categories of human traits and behaviors, and has since been used in many other modern personality profiles.

1.One of my favorite resources for the Four Temperaments is the I Said This, You Heard That program. You can find many of their videos and resources here. (Much of the information in this post is from their teachings).

For the past few months I have been really wanting to get to know myself and others better. I have been drawn to many things since being open to this and decided that all of this knowledge should really be shared. Blog post ideas have been spinning through my head and when I have the time to write a little bit about anything, I take advantage of it.

Steiner says that we are all really a mix of two of the four temperaments, although we posses all of the temperaments in our being. Most common mixes are Phlegmatic/Sanguine and Choleric/Melancholic. There is however one predominate temperament that characterizes us, even though we are a mix of all the temperaments and two of them are most dominate in our lifetime.

For myself, after much research and taking a few quizzes here and there, I have come to conclude that I am predominately Sanguine, with Melancholic being my second temperament. My mother is Melancholic and my dad is Sanguine, so it makes sense, even though it is not at all a common mix. It also makes sense to me and to people who are really close to me, like my husband or maybe even those of you who read my blog, because sometimes I am so outgoing and energetic and sometimes I feel deeply saddened and more closed off. It is almost like I am two personalities, but that is just the way I am. Even when I was a baby, my mom used to say when I was good, I was really good and when I would get upset, I would get really upset, always extreme in my personality. I think I have come a long way in balancing myself over the years through self-education and reflection, meditation, yoga and really researching into things like numerology, astrology and temperament to expand my consciousness.

We all feel melancholic from time to time and I am sure we all have (or have known) at least one melancholic person in our life, whether it is a family member or a friend. These people can be hard to deal with, especially if you are sensitive to the energies of others, as I am. For me this is my mother and the mothering influence that I grew up with, but I love her dearly and even more dearly now that I am older and realize that we are not of the same temperament and have researched the temperaments better. Know that melancholics really do have big hearts and allow them a shoulder to cry on once in a while when you feel like you can be of service, but also if you are sensitive, remember to protect yourself from the negativity of others when you feel you need to set up boundaries.

There are a few choleric people in my life, but for the most part, I try to avoid people of this type of personality because honestly, they scare me, since I am more shy and sensitive. I find it would be very difficult to have a relationship with a choleric person, but for those who do I give you much credit.

I hope that I have left you with something to think about. As I said, it really does help us to understand ourselves and others better and know how to better understand and educate our children. I hope that someone out there has found this information insightful and useful!

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Purpose of review: The aim of this review is to highlight the relationship between affective temperaments and clinical mood disorders and to summarize the earlier and most recent studies on affective temperaments in both clinical and nonclinical populations.

Recent findings: Current research findings show that specific affective temperament types (depressive, cyclothymic, hyperthymic, irritable and anxious) are the subsyndromal (trait-related) manifestations and commonly the antecedents of minor and major mood disorders. Up to 20% of the population has some kind of marked affective temperaments; depressive, cyclothymic and anxious temperament is more frequent in women, whereas hyperthymic and irritable temperaments predominate among men. Molecular genetic studies show a strong involvement of the central serotonergic (depressive, cyclothymic, irritable and anxious temperaments) and dopaminergic (hyperthymic temperament) regulation, suggesting that the genetic potential of major mood episodes lies in these temperaments.

Summary: Premorbid affective temperament types have an important role in the clinical evolution of minor and major mood episodes including the direction of the polarity and the symptom formation of acute mood episodes. They can also significantly affect the long-term course and outcome including suicidality and other forms of self-destructive behaviours such as substance use and eating disorders.

For example, if one tended to be, or act, too happy, one can assume they have too much blood, since blood relates to sanguine, and can medically act accordingly. If one tended to be, or act, too calm or reserved, one can assume they have too much phlegm in the system, since phlegm relates to phlegmatic, and can medically act accordingly. If one tended to be, or act, too sad, one can assume they have too much black bile in the system, since black bile relates to melancholic, and can medically act accordingly. If one tended to be, or act, too angry, one can assume they have too much yellow bile in the system, since yellow biles relates to choleric, and can medically act accordingly.[9]

The properties of these humours also corresponded to the four seasons. Thus blood, which was considered hot and wet, corresponded to spring. Yellow bile, considered hot and dry, corresponded to summer. Black bile, cold and dry, corresponded to autumn. And finally, phlegm, cold and wet, corresponded to winter.[10]

These properties were considered the basis of health and disease. This meant that having a balance and good mixture of the humours defined good health, while an imbalance or separation of the humours led to disease.[10] Because the humours corresponded to certain seasons, one way to avoid an imbalance or disease was to change health-related habits depending on the season. Some physicians did this by regulating a patient's diet, while some used remedies such as phlebotomy and purges to get rid of excess blood. Even Galen proposed a theory of the importance of proper digestion in forming healthy blood. The idea was that the two most important factors when digesting are the types of food and the person's body temperature. This meant that if too much heat were involved, then the blood would become "overcooked." This meant that it would contain too much of the yellow bile, and the patient would become feverish.[11] If there were not enough heat involved, this would cause there to be too much phlegm.

In the field of physiology, Ivan Pavlov studied on the types and properties of the nervous system, where three main properties were identified: (1) strength, (2) mobility of nervous processes and (3) balance between excitation and inhibition and derived four types based on these three properties.[18]

Waldorf education and anthroposophy believe that the temperaments help to understand personality. They also believe that they are useful for education, helping teachers understand how children learn. Christian writer Tim LaHaye has attempted to repopularize the ancient temperaments through his books.[22][23][24]

Robert R. Blake created The Managerial Grid, wherein high concern for production relates to hot, low concern for production relates to cold, high concern for people relates to moist, and low concern for people relates to dry. If one were to make the same Punnett square of these characters, one can find a Team Management, a Country Club Management, a Task Management, or an Ineffective Management individual.[25]

The number of tones (or notes) per 8ve is just one of many potentially customisable aspects of any instrument. Standard midi, however, is pretty much clamped to western 12-tone equal temperament. Escaping it's confines implies external mapping devices or software, but these deal with effects rather than causes.

The General MIDI Level 2 spec would seem to have been around since 1999. As a latecomer to all this, has any alternative emerged in the meantime that allows native, dedicated mappings to NON-12 tone notes/8ve and OTHER than equal temperaments?

I imagine something along the lines of a tones- (or notes-) per-8ve indexing system, whereby the enharmonic notes in each octave are a multiple of the lowest octave's note indexes, alternative temperaments being expressed by mappings to their parallel cent, frequency or similar values. Much the same as midi, but with flexible indexing...

There's scattered support for other 12-tone temperaments, but MIDI just isn't going to be able to work with tuning systems with more notes. It's an issue of the amount of information that a MIDI message can encode--the existing standard is for a 7-bit (128-value) note number, which is enough to encode over 10 octaves of 12-tone, but only 5 octaves of quarter tones, which isn't going to cut it. You could design a new format based on MIDI that makes this kind of extension, but it won't be backwards-compatible with MIDI 1.0, and once we've given that up, we might as well move on entirely.

There is indeed not a properly-supported means of doing microtonality within the MIDI specification itself. However, there is an extremely well-established and widely-accepted and implemented system for microtonality with synthesizers and virtual instruments called Scala, and it's easy to use and its microtonal tuning tables are portable and reproducible across many pieces of music software and hardware. Scala supports a myriad of historical tunings and temperaments, as well as avant-garde experimental tunings and any arbitrary tunings you might devise yourself.

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