Design is similar to all MCU controlled chargers. DC-DC converter driven by MCU, nothing special.
MCU is
STM8s005K6, 8bit MCU from ST, not supported by gcc :( (->not supported by cheali FW)
Are you suggesting to 'clean room it'? By meassuring the circuit diagram and developing something from scratch? I send my china seller a question if they know anything about open source?
If you want to write FW, you have to know HW. In this case, HW is not opensource, reverse engineering is necessary.
I am not familiar with stm8 MCUs and in the days of cheap ARM 32bit MCUs (eg STM32), not much interested...
If you are interested, you can write opensource FW for this device. It is definitely doable.