International Bulk Code

[Emmaline]

Carriageof chemicals in bulk is covered by regulations in SOLAS Chapter VII - Carriage of dangerous goods and MARPOL Annex II - Regulations for the Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk. Both Conventions require chemical tankers built after 1 July 1986 to comply with the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (IBC Code).

The IBC Code provides an international standard for the safe carriage in bulk by sea of dangerous chemicals and noxious liquid substances listed in chapter 17 of the Code. To minimize the risks to ships, their crews and the environment, the Code prescribes the design and construction standards of ships and the equipment they should carry, with due regard to the nature of the products involved. In December 1985, by resolution MEPC.19(22), the Code was extended to cover marine pollution aspects and applies to ships built after 1 July 1986.

In October 2004, IMO adopted revised MARPOL Annex II Regulations for the control of pollution by noxious liquid substances in bulk. This incorporates a four-category categorization system for noxious and liquid substances and it entered into force on 1 January 2007.

Consequential amendments to the International Bulk Chemical Code (IBC Code) were also adopted in October 2004, reflecting the changes to MARPOL Annex II. The amendments incorporate revisions to the categorization of certain products relating to their properties as potential marine pollutants as well as revisions to ship type and carriage requirements following their evaluation by the Evaluation of Hazardous Substances Working Group.

Thus, a type 1 ship is a chemical tanker intended for the transportation of products considered to present the greatest overall hazard and type 2 and type 3 for products of progressively lesser hazards. Accordingly, a type 1 ship shall survive the most severe standard of damage and its cargo tanks shall be located at the maximum prescribed distance inboard from the shell plating.

This Code applies to ships regardless of size, including those of less than 500 tons gross tonnage, engaged in the carriage of grain in bulk, to which Part C of Chapter VI of the 1974 SOLAS Convention, as amended, applies.

In response to the growing need for broader regulation of the carriage of all cargoes that may pose a hazard to ships or personnel, the Maritime Safety Committee decided to replace the original Chapter Vl of the 1974 SOLAS Convention, which contained detailed regulations on the carriage of grain in bulk, with requirements of a more general nature and to place the detailed provisions on grain in a mandatory code.

Part C of the revised Chapter Vl deals with the carriage of grain, and is supplemented by the International Code for the Safe Carriage of Grain in Bulk, adopted at the same session by the Committee by resolution MSC.23(59) and set out therein. The Code is to take effect on 1 January 1994, the date of entry into force of the amendments to Chapter Vl. For ease of reference, Part C of the revised Chapter Vl is reproduced in the Appendix to this publication.

A??s a specialized agency of the United Nations, IMO is the global standard-setting authority for the safety, security and environmental performance of international shipping. Its main role is to create a regulatory framework for the shipping industry that is fair and effective, universally adopted and universally implemented. ?

In other words, its role is to create a level playing-field so that ship operators cannot address their financial issues by simply cutting corners and compromising on safety, security and environmental performance. This approach also encourages innovation and efficiency.

Shipping is a truly international industry, and it can only operate effectively if the regulations and standards are themselves agreed, adopted and implemented on an international basis. And IMO is the forum at which this process takes place.

An HS code is an international trade code, usually six digits long, that's used to describe what a product is. Adding HS codes to your products helps to avoid non-compliance penalties, border delays, seizure of the products, or denial of import. You can learn more about the HS codes system from the following resources:

In the Harmonized System (HS) code field, enter an HS code. If you don't have an HS code for your product, then start typing a description of your product to search for the appropriate code.

The "International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (IBC code) contains requirements for the carriage of dangerous chemicals and noxious liquid substances in bulk by sea. The IBC code is made mandatory by being referenced in chapter VII, part B of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS convention). In German law the IBC code is implemented with the "Gefahrgutverordnung See" (Ordinance on the Transport of Dangerous Goods by Sea).

The purpose of the IBC Code is to provide an international standard for the safe carriage, in bulk by sea, of dangerous chemicals and noxious liquid substances. The code prescribes the design, construction and equipment standards of ships, especially of chemical tankers.

Bulk carriersare a vital component of the global transportation and trade industries. TheInternational Maritime Organization (IMO) estimates there are more than 5,000bulk carriers operating throughout the world. The IMO has instituted andoversees a number of rules and regulations to ensure safe operation of theselarge vessels.

Thedefinition of a bulk carrier varies among IMO and International Association ofClassification Societies publications. For instance, the InternationalConvention for the Safety of Life at Seas (SOLAS) offers a rather broaddefinition of bulk carrier, whereas the Common Structural Rules (CSR) presents anarrower classification.

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These risks may be exacerbated when countries of concern use bulk sensitive personal data to develop AI capabilities and algorithms that, in turn, enable the use of large datasets in increasingly sophisticated and effective ways to the detriment of United States national security. Countries of concern can use AI to target United States persons for espionage or blackmail by, for example, recognizing patterns across multiple unrelated datasets to identify potential individuals whose links to the Federal Government would be otherwise obscured in a single dataset.

While aspects of this threat have been addressed in previous executive actions, such as Executive Order 13694 of April 1, 2015 (Blocking the Property of Certain Persons Engaging in Significant Malicious Cyber-Enabled Activities), as amended, additional steps need to be taken to address this threat.

Sec. 2. Prohibited and Restricted Transactions. (a) To assist in addressing the national emergency described in this order, the Attorney General, in coordination with the Secretary of Homeland Security and in consultation with the heads of relevant agencies, shall issue, subject to public notice and comment, regulations that prohibit or otherwise restrict United States persons from engaging in any acquisition, holding, use, transfer, transportation, or exportation of, or dealing in, any property in which a foreign country or national thereof has any interest (transaction), where the transaction:

(ii) is a member of a class of transactions that has been determined by the Attorney General, in regulations issued by the Attorney General pursuant to this section, to pose an unacceptable risk to the national security of the United States because the transactions may enable countries of concern or covered persons to access bulk sensitive personal data or United States Government-related data in a manner that contributes to the national emergency described in this order;

(v) is not, as defined by regulations issued by the Attorney General pursuant to this section, ordinarily incident to and part of the provision of financial services, including banking, capital markets, and financial insurance services, or required for compliance with any Federal statutory or regulatory requirements, including any regulations, guidance, or orders implementing those requirements.

(b) The Attorney General, in consultation with the heads of relevant agencies, is authorized to take such actions, including the promulgation of rules and regulations, and to employ all other powers granted to the President by IEEPA, as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this order. Executive departments and agencies (agencies) are directed to take all appropriate measures within their authority to implement the provisions of this order.

(c) Within 180 days of the date of this order, the Attorney General, in coordination with the Secretary of Homeland Security, and in consultation with the heads of relevant agencies, shall publish the proposed rule described in subsection (a) of this section for notice and comment. This proposed rule shall:

(ii) identify classes of transactions that meet the criteria specified in subsection (a)(ii) of this section and for which the Attorney General determines that security requirements established by the Secretary of Homeland Security, through the Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, in accordance with the process described in subsection (d) of this section, adequately mitigate the risk of access by countries of concern or covered persons to bulk sensitive personal data or United States Government-related data (restricted transactions);

(iv) establish, as appropriate, mechanisms to provide additional clarity to persons affected by this order and any regulations implementing this order (including by designations of covered persons and licensing decisions);

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