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Desiderato Merriwether
Federal prosecutors in Alaska said search warrants served on the email accounts Bukoski used in conjunction with Quantum Stresser revealed that he was banned from several companies he used to advertise and accept payments for the booter service.
That 2017 story referenced an FBI advisory that had just been issued warning the use of booter services is punishable under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, and may result in arrest and criminal prosecution.
Looks like there is a chance for people and corporations who believe they have suffered under a Denial of Service attack to notify the government prior to the restitution hearing scheduled for May 5th in Anchorage.
Was LE already on his mail server? Or is LE tied into mail providers for a large swath of store owners? Or is there some system where all store owners are required to send hits on known email addresses?
Is there a program or loader that can be used in within DOS for this? I have .IMG files made from some booters that work on their original disks or even when I copy the .IMG to another disk using IMG2DSK but I would like to be able to just play the .IMG off of the hard drive if there is such a program that would allow this? From within DOS?
Well one thing I notice is that booter .IMG files typically won't open in WinIMG. If the Gotek is the only solution I might stick to my floppies as long as I can unless they come out with an external one that can connect to printer/prll port.
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The term "PC booter" is sometimes used in reference to self-booting software for IBM PC compatibles. On other systems, like the Apple II and Atari 8-bit computers, almost all software is self-booting. On the IBM PC, the distinction is between a self-booting program and one which is started by the user via an operating system such as MS-DOS or IBM PC DOS. The term "PC booter" was not contemporaneous with when self-booting games were being released.
On some home computers like the Apple II, software is loaded by inserting a floppy disk and turning on or resetting the machine. It's analogous to cartridges on game consoles such as the Atari 2600 and Nintendo Entertainment System. It does not require using a command-line interface or other method to launch software.
It was common for self-booting disks to use non-standard disk formatting, so the contents could not be viewed or copied via a system's normal disk operating system. They could still be copied by other utilities.
Most self-booting programs are written to not need features of an existing operating system, such as MS-DOS, and access the hardware directly or use low-level functions that are built into read-only memory. Other programs provide a specialized replacement for the operating system.[1]
Self-booting disks require the system to turned on or rebooted to use the software. The user cannot switch between programs. The software can only exist on its own floppy disk, not stored on a disk with multiple programs, such as a hard disk drive.
The self-booting game or application cannot easily use computer hardware normally accessed through device drivers in the operating system. The program needs built-in support for each specific peripheral, and it doesn't automatically get the benefit of improvements or bug fixes or support for updated versions.
Between 1983 and 1984, Digital Research offered several of their business and educational applications for the IBM PC on bootable floppy diskettes bundled with SpeedStart CP/M, a reduced version of CP/M-86 as a bootable runtime environment.[2][3][4][5][6]
A scaled down version of GeoWorks Ensemble was used by America Online for their AOL client software until the late 1990s. AOL was distributed on a single 3.5-inch floppy disk, which could be used to boot GeoWorks as well.
In 1998, Caldera distributed a demo version of their 32-bit DPMI web-browser and mail client DR-WebSpyder on a bootable fully self-contained 3.5-inch floppy.[7][8] On 386 PCs with a minimum of 4 MB of RAM, the floppy would boot a minimal DR-DOS 7.02 system complete with memory manager, RAM disk, dial-up modem, LAN, mouse and display drivers and automatically launch into the graphical browser, without ever touching the machine's hard disk. Users could start browsing the web immediately after entering their access credentials.[7][8]
I have a 14 TB external drive containing a single 14 TB HFS+ encrypted partition (besides EFI). I cannot resize this partition to add a new one. When I tried using either Disk Utility or diskutil, it says
However, the answer to that question does not work for my scenario because there is no unallocated space after the single partition and I cannot manually add the booter using gdisk or gpt because of that.
I followed David Anderson's advice and discovered that the partition (as described by GPT) is 3584 bytes (7 LBA blocks) larger than the Core Storage Physical Volume. Using this information, I did manage to shrink the volume to add a second partition.
Using the gpt command, I learned that my second GPT partition (the main partition) has a size of 27344355255 blocks; following this specification of Core Storage (which is the abstraction layer that allows HFS encryption), I examined the partition volume header and learned that the Core Storage Physical Volume only occupies 27344355248 blocks. This means there was an extra space of 7 blocks.
With the unformatted Apple Boot partition, I made the risky move of asking Disk Utility to resize the 14 TB partition. This time, Disk Utility did not complain about missing booters. However, before the resizing had finished, a kernel panic struck.
At this point, both the 12 TB and 2 TB partition is showing up in Disk Utility. Upon reformatting the 2 TB partition as a JHFS+ encrypted volume (so that it too has a booter), both partitions can be resized freely using Disk Utility with no errors.
The only caveat was that using First Aid (diskutil verifyVolume) on the 12 TB volume now persistently reported the error "Incorrect size for volume" (right after it says the volume "appears to be OK", too). This could not be fixed using any diskutil command. But despite the error, the two volumes can still be resized and normally mounted.
I attempted to use diskutil cs resizeVolume to resize only the Logical Volume back to 12 TB, and not the Physical Volume. The resizing could not proceed because of the "Incorrect volume size" error. (The same went for diskutil cs resizeStack).
I almost lost hope, when I remembered that, back when the partition first failed, I ran dd through the first few GBs of the partition and saved it as an image, which was since deleted. I recovered it using Disk Drill, and after painfully comparing hex dumps, I decided to copy the first 62500 blocks (32 MB) of the image file back to the partition.
By default, the main loader is used, but RouterBOARD devices also have a secondary (backup) bootloader, which can be used in case the main doesn't work. It is possible to call the backup loader with a configuration setting in RouterOS:
it is also possible to use the backup booter by turning on the device, with the RESET button pushed. Sometimes the RouterBOOT receives firmware upgrades (see Changelog). It is only possible to upgrade the main RouterBOOT, so in case of failure, you can use the backup booter to start the device and downgrade the main loader. For upgrade instructions, follow the separate instructions in Manual:Bootloader upgrade
For RouterBOARD devices that feature a serial console connector, it is possible to access the RouterBOOT loader configuration menu. The required cable is described in the Serial console manual. RouterBOARD serial port is configured to 115200bit/s, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity. We suggest to disable the hardware flow control.
This command shows the current RouterBOOT version of your device, and available upgrade which is either included in routerboard.npk package, or if you uploaded a FWF file corresponding to device model:
If there is no IP connectivity with your RouterBOARD, you can also use the Serial Console XMODEM transfer to send the FWF file to the router, while connected via Serial Console. From the Bootloader menu it's possible to upgrade the firmware with this method. This method is the last resort, and should be used only if the first two methods are not available.
By default, the main (regular) loader is used, but RouterBOARD devices also have a secondary (backup) bootloader, which can be used in case the main doesn't work. It is possible to call the backup loader with a configuration setting in RouterOS:
It is also possible to use the backup booter by turning on the device, with the RESET button pushed. It is only possible to upgrade the main RouterBOOT, so in case of failure, you can use the backup booter to start the device and downgrade the main loader. For upgrade instructions, follow the separate instructions in RouterBOARD#UpgradingRouterBOOT
If you hold the button before applying power, backup RouterBOOT will be used in addition to all the above actions. To do the above actions without loading the backup loader, push the button right after applying power to the device.
For RouterBOARD devices that feature a serial console connector, it is possible to access the RouterBOOT loader configuration menu. The required cable is described in the Serial Console manual. RouterBOARD serial port is configured to 115200bit/s, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and no parity. We suggest disabling the hardware flow control.
This command shows the current RouterBOOT version of your device and the available upgrade which is included in routeros-x.yy.npk package, or if you uploaded a *.FWF file corresponding to the device model:
c80f0f1006