Re: Digest for chaf-radiology@googlegroups.com - 1 Message in 1 Topic

[Hirdesh Sahni]

Dear Inji

A great acollection

Hirdesh

On 11 November 2013 02:01, <chaf-ra...@googlegroups.com> wrote:

  Today's Topic Summary

Group: http://groups.google.com/group/chaf-radiology/topics

• Key Radiology Research Milestones (1973-2013) [1 Update]

 Key Radiology Research Milestones (1973-2013)

Indrajit <inj...@gmail.com> Nov 10 08:55PM +0530  

Key Radiology Research Milestones (1973-2013)
 
------------------------------
*1970s*
 
The development of real-time, gray-scale ultrasonography by numerous
medical physicists and physicians.
 
[image: 1970]
 
------------------------------
*1972*
 
First CT scan performed in England (Godfrey Hounsfield, based on
mathematical algorithms by Alan Cormack; Cormack and Hounsfield were
awarded the 1979 Nobel Prize).
 
[image: 1972]
 
 
------------------------------
*1973*
 
Paul Lauterbur described in *Nature* how he generated images by nuclear
magnetic resonance (NMR was first reported independently by Felix Bloch and
Edward Purcell who shared the 1952 Nobel Prize for their discovery).
 
------------------------------
*1975-1976*
 
Early rigorous studies of cost-effectiveness of medical imaging using the
diagnosis of renovascular hypertension as an example (Barbara McNeil, James
Adelstein).
 
------------------------------
*1976*
 
David Kuhl describes computerized SPECT imaging, the basis for further
development of nuclear imaging and ultimately PET imaging.
 
[image: 1976]
 
------------------------------
*1979*
 
Andreas Gruntzig describes a series of patients treated with his balloon
catheter method for arterial dilatation (furthering Charles Dotter's work
on angioplasty dating from 1964; Dotter also placed the first arterial
stent in 1969).
 
------------------------------
*1982-1983*
 
James Hanley and Barbara McNeil publish their work using receiver operating
characteristic (ROC) curves. ROC curve analysis has become the basis for
evaluating the capacity of imaging technologies to detect abnormalities.
Their articles in *Radiology* have become the all-time most cited for that
journal.
 
------------------------------
*Early 1980s*
 
Work by Paul Lauterbur, Peter Mansfield, Raymond Damadian, and many
others lead to clinical MRI. Lauterbur and Mansfield shared the 2005 Nobel
Prize.
 
[image: 1979]
 
 
 
------------------------------
*1987*
 
Formation of the Radiology Diagnostic Oncology Group (RDOG), the first
NCI-funded structure for conducting multi-center clinical trials of imaging
(PI, Barbara McNeil). RDOG conducts five trials over the ensuing ten years.
 
------------------------------
*1988*
 
Elias Zerhouni and colleagues describe a method for MRI cardiac imaging
 
------------------------------
*Late 1980s*
 
Ferenc Jolesz et al describe early work on image-guided ultrasonic tissue
ablation
 
------------------------------
*1990*
 
BOLD-contrast imaging — the primary functional MRI (fMRI) technique – was
described by Ogawa, and applied by Belliveau the following year to
visualize human visual cortical activation. As a relatively
straightforward method for measuring brain activity with relatively high
spatial resolution, it quickly became the imaging mainstay of cognitive
neuroscience
 
------------------------------
*1990*
 
Bruce Hillman publishes in the *New England Journal of Medicine* how
financial incentives increase imaging use by non-radiologists. This
research, along with a study by Jean Mitchell, and a federal study of
self-referral activity in Florida, forms the basis for the Stark Laws
banning patient referrals to freestanding facilities in which they have an
ownership interest.
 
[image: Hillman]
 
 
 
------------------------------
*1990*
 
Willi Kalendar and colleagues publish in *Radiology* their work developing
spiral CT; early applications include Geoffrey Rubin’s 1993 work with CT
angiography of the abdomen published in *Radiology*
 
------------------------------
*Early 1990s*
 
The role of Diffusion-Weighted MRI in stroke was established by Denis Le
Bihan, Michael Mosely, and others as a highly sensitive and specific method
for the early detection and characterization of stroke.
 
------------------------------
*Mid 1990s*
 
Greg Sorensen and others describe the utility of diffusion-perfusion
mismatch on MRI as an indicator of salvageable brain in the presence of
acute stroke, for the first time providing a predictor for patients in whom
thrombolysis therapy would be of benefit.
 
------------------------------
*1997*
 
NCI initiates the Diagnostic Imaging Program (DIP; later renamed the Cancer
Imaging Program (CIP)), intended to enhance the role of imaging in cancer
diagnosis. Daniel Sullivan is appointed its Director.
 
------------------------------
*1999*
 
CIP funds the American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ACRIN) and the
Brown University statistics group to jointly conduct multi-center clinical
trials of imaging technologies (PI, Bruce Hillman). The group conducts more
than forty clinical trials, including large screening trials.
 
[image: 1999]
 
------------------------------
*1999*
 
Mori, van Zijl, and others describe the use of diffusion-tensor MR imaging
to visualize the three-dimensional pathways of human brain fiber-tracts,
for the first time allowing high-resolution non-invasive visualization of
neuronal projections, increasing our understanding of neurocognitive
networks.
 
------------------------------
*2001*
 
By act of Congress, the NIH adds a new institute, the National Institute of
Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, to facilitate basic research and
speed the progression of valuable imaging innovations into practice.
Roderick Pettigrew is named its Director.
 
------------------------------
*2004*
 
David Brenner and others report concerns over the potential of increasing
CT use to elevate the U.S. population’s risk of incurring cancer.
 
------------------------------
*2005*
 
ACRIN's Digital Mammographic Imaging Screening Trial (DMIST; PI, Etta
Pisano) is published in the New England Journal of Medicine detailing the
superiority of digital mammography over conventional screen-film
mammography for certain groups of women. The trial results lead to
additional payment for digital mammography and spur the virtually
complete replacement of analog mammography systems with digital mammography.
 
[image: 2005]
 
 
------------------------------
*2007*
 
ACRIN’s MRI of the Contralateral Breast (PI, Constance Lehman) is published
in *NEJM.*The trial shows that MRI can identify most contralateral cancers
at initial breast cancer diagnosis and help avoid an additional second
surgery or a second course of chemotherapy.
 
[image: 2007]
 
------------------------------
*2008*
 
The National Oncologic PET Registry (NOPR) publishes its initial data on
the impact of PET on intended treatment for various cancers. Led by Bruce
Hillner, Constantine Gatsonis, Barry Siegel, and Edward Coleman, the
results convince the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to
greatly expand insurance coverage for PET in cancer.
 
[image: 2008]
 
------------------------------
*2008*
 
ACRIN's National CT Colonography Trial (NCTCT; PI, Daniel Johnson) is
published in the New England Journal of Medicine showing equivalence of CT
colonography to colonoscopy. The data supports the current claim for
insurance coverage for the procedure.
 
[image: 2008]
 
------------------------------
*2011*
 
ACRIN's National Lung Screening Trial (NLST; PI, Denise Aberle) is
published in the New England Journal of Medicine. The trial shows a 20%
reduction in lung cancer mortality in long term smokers attributable to
annual CT screening and is the primary basis for the 2013 US
Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) decision to mandate insurance
coverage for the procedure.
 
[image: 2011]
 
------------------------------
*2012*
 
Having begun non-oncologic research in 2008, co-PIs, Harold Litt and Judd
Hollander publish in *NEJM* ACRIN's first cardiovascular trial showing that
coronary CT angiography can quickly determine which ED patients presenting
with chest pain can safely be sent home. The results provide compelling
data for broader insurance coverage of CCTA for ruling out ACS in the ED.
[image: 2012]
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