Wheater's Basic Pathology 5th Edition Pdf 33
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In the wake of the nineteenth century, many medical centers hired physicians, pathologists and surgeons to handle surgical issues (Titford & Bowman, 2012). It is this crop of pathologists who devised intraoperative staining techniques for frozen tissues sections by adapting a special staining technique in histopathology. It is during this time that the paraffin infiltration staining technique was devised (Shostak, 2013). Owing to this achievement, the non-malignant and the malignant tumors were studied, and a bacterium was identified as the causal organism of the disease in the nineteenth century (Godwin, 2011).
These are naturally occurring substances that have been in use in the history of histopathology (Titford, 2009). The stain was developed by Wilhelm von Waldeyer in 1863 and was obtained from a log tree found in Central America. Hematoxylin is a weak stain and is used with a combination of other solutions in oxidized form (Shostak, 2013).
Silver Nitrate has had a long usage in historical staining techniques and is still used in modern pathology. Initially, early researchers used silver nitrate to enhance the visibility of the tissue structure while studying it; this was done by applying solid silver nitrate on a tissue and then studying it (Titford & Bowman, 2012). The stain substance has been developed for many compounds, and confirmatory tests are needed when silver nitrate is used (Shostak, 2013). Silver nitrate stain has also been found to be reduced by argentaffin cells found in the epithelial linings of lungs, intestines, melanin and others (Musumeci, 2014).
There has been a rising need for efficient, accurate and less complex staining procedures (Harris & McCormick, 2010). The histopathology lab today is laden with a great work load and different types of histological assignments (Musumeci, 2014). As such, most histologists are more trained on special stains for particular works to give efficient results (Morelli, Porazzi, Ruspini, Restelli, & Banfi, 2013). In the history of histology, a great shift and development in histologic stains were shaped by improved technologic development of microscopes and the establishment of the histologic stains factory (aniline dye) in 1856 in Germany which manufactured variety of new-histological stains (Godwin, 2011).
These pathologists devised intraoperative staining techniques for frozen tissues sections by adapting a special staining technique in histopathology (Loreto, Leonardi, Musumeci, Pannone, & Castorina, 2013). It is during this time that the paraffin infiltration staining technique was devised (Titford, 2009). While these changes have taken place, there are old stain procedures that are still in use today and many others have been replaced with new immunal or staining techniques.
Staining techniques used were; carmine, silver nitrate, Giemsa, Trichrome Stains, Gram Stain and Hematoxylin among others. There have been great changes in the techniques used for histological staining through chemical, molecular biology assays and immunological techniques collectively referred to us histochemistry and have facilitated greatly in the study of organs and tissues. Hematoxylin is a basic dye that is commonly used in this process and stains the nuclei giving it a bluish color while eosin (another stain dye used in histology) stains the cell's nucleus giving it a pinkish stain (Victor, 2013). While these changes have taken place, there are old stain procedures that are still in use today and many others have been replaced with new immunalstaining or staining techniques (Sine, 2014).
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