It is fascinating to have a look at the Bengali Surnames and Titles with Origins.
The family surname of the Tagores is Banerjee (Bandopadhyay). According to their family tradition the Tagores trace their descent from Rarheya Brahmins of Shandilya clan from Kanauj who settled in the region situated on the right bank of river Hooghly (Rarh) in the eighth century A.D
Banerjee or Bandyopadhyay is a surname in the Bengal region of India and are often used interchangeably.
"Indian (Bengal) and Bangladeshi: Hindu (Brahman) name, the first element of which, Ban-, is a shortened form of the village name Bandoghat. The final element -jee is derived from jha (greatly reduced form of Sanskrit upadhyaya ‘teacher’); thus, Banerjee ‘teacher from the village of Bandoghat’. In Bengali names formed with -jee, the initial element is believed to indicate a village granted by Ballal Sen, a legendary ancient king of Bengal, to the ancestor of the person bearing the surname. A Sanskrit version of this name, Vandyopadhyaya, was coined later, from the elements vandya ‘venerable’ + upadhyaya ‘teacher’. "
Mukherjee or Mookerjee or Mukerji or Mukherji
. The traditional Bengali version is Mukhopaddhae, which is sometimes written Mukhopadhyay, which is alternately spelled as Mukerji.
"Mukherjee" evolved from the Sanskrit Mukhopadhyay (in Sanskrit Mukhya – chief, Upadhyay – teacher, not necessarily a religious teacher).
Chatterjee/Chatarjee (sometimes Chatterji or Chatterjea or chatarjee) It is a variant of Chattopadhyay(a). Chattopadhyay (compound of village name "Chaṭṭa" and "upādhyāya" denoting "priest, teacher" originally granted with the village named Chaṭṭa) is the Sanskritized form of the local word "chaturjye", to Chatterjee. Upadhyays from Chattol area of gangetic Bengals were popularly known as Chattopadhyay or Chatterjee.
Bhattacharjee, Bhattacharya, and Bhattacharyya, all pronounced Bhôṭṭacharjo in Bengali
Bhattacharjee was a noble surname or upadhi conferred upon those Brahmins who were involved in sacred rituals. It is an aristocratic title. The surname is a combination of two words Bhatt "Vedic priest (authorized to perform sacred rituals)" and Acharya "teacher".
Ganguly (also called Ganguli, Gangulee, Gangoly or Gangopadhyay) is a Brahmin caste; it is a variant of Gangopadhyay(a) Gônggopaddhae). Gangopadhyay (compound of village name "By the Ganges" and "upādhyāya" denoting "priest, teacher") is the Sanskritized form of the original name to Ganguly.
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Chatterjee/Chatarjee ( sometimes Chatterji or Chatterjea or
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