Re: Force Measuring Instruments Pdf Free
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The WIKA product portfolio for force measurement includes tension and compression force transducers, shear and bending beams, shackle load cells and ring force transducers as well as load pins, tension links, wire rope force transducers and strain transducers.
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A force measuring instrument generally consists of a sensor and a display on which the result of the measurement is output in the form of a numerical value with the associated unit. A force measuring instrument thus consists of a force transducer and a display on which the measured force can be read. Since a force measuring instrument combines the measuring component and the display unit in one, mobile use is particularly frequent. Three types of force measuring instruments are described in more detail in the WIKA portfolio: the FRKPS chain hoist test set, the FSK01 welding tongs test set and the hydraulic force measuring instruments, which operate without any electricity. They are all easy to use and guarantee high process reliability through the quick monitoring of the important values.
In addition to a wide selection of force transducers and load cells, WIKA of course also offers force measuring instruments. The FRKPS series chain hoist test set provides a force measuring instrument with which the friction clutches on chain hoists can be checked. These checks are carried out at regular intervals in operations using chain hoists.
With the mobile FRKPS, this regular check is particularly easy because the instrument is extremely easy to handle. The chain hoist test set consists of a hand-held indicator, several centring sleeves and adapters, a charger and the signal cable. As the set includes a number of common adapters for the most frequently used types of chain, including section steel chains, the FRKPS is suitable for almost all industrial chain hoist testing applications. Because it is delivered in a handy aluminium case, all components are stored in an orderly fashion and quick and simple utilisation is thus ensured.
The handling is very simple. At the chain of the hoist, the force transducer is pulled up to the chain hoist stop and blocked there. Then the resulting force is measured to test the maximum force at which the friction clutch is triggered. Based on a comparison with the permissible values, compliance with the limit values is checked. With an accuracy of approx. 1 kg, the FRKPS can be used for measuring ranges of 40 kg up to 3,500 kg.
A further force measuring instrument from the WIKA product family is the welding tong test set, the FSK01 series. The welding tongs test set is used, for example, in the automotive industry, where welding robots are often used and, in addition to the welding time, the force in the process is also very important. For spot welding equipment, the FSK01 mobile force measuring instrument is used to check the electrode forces. At regular intervals, the electrode forces are simply measured with the FSK01 by holding it between the electrodes for the welding process. With the help of the reading instrument included, the measured value can be checked immediately on-site and adjusted if necessary, which drastically increases the service life of the welding equipment and guarantees process reliability. The check does not interfere with the manufacturing process since the procedure takes very little time.
The FSK01 force measuring instrument is available in different measuring ranges of 1 kN, 10 kN and 20 kN. Force transducer and display instrument are supplied in a practical test-set case. If the checks are performed on a regular basis and frequently, the force measuring instrument is also offered as a stationary test device. In this case, the test set is installed within the operating radius of the welding robots. A controller ensures that the device is approached regularly and the forces being applied are checked.
Up to now, the displays of the force measuring instruments have either been screwed directly onto the measuring body or connected via a cable. We are currently developing sensors that enable mobile transmission of the measured values. Thus, the measured values can then be transferred to a cloud and displayed at any time on a mobile device and evaluated by means of special software.
A digital force gauge, often called a push pull force gauge or tension and compression force gauge, is used in material testing, quality control and assurance, research, development, product testing, laboratory and educational applications. PCE Instruments' (PCE) digital force gauge products are the benchmark of quality and performance. PCE digital force gauge devices provide measurements in kilograms (kg), grams (g), ounces (oz), pounds (lbs) and Newtons (N) of force (f), depending on the force gauge model. Most PCE digital force gauge products are handheld, portable devices that also can be used with a universal test stand. There are several different force gauge products available online in the PCE web shop.
A force gauge with a capacity up to 1000 g typically has a clamp attachment to support the load, while a force gauge with a capacity up to 50 kg typically has a hook attachment. Most force measuring devices with capacities up to 100 kg and beyond have heavy-duty carabiner-style attachments as load supports. When using a force gauge, measuring with a compression kit can quickly and easily convert a tension meter into a compression meter.
At PCE, we offer mechanical force gauge products as well as digital force gauge devices. Most digital force gauge devices are available with RS-232 or USB ports or interfaces. Optional software allows for data to be transferred to a computer for analysis.
Why measure force? Manufacturers strive to optimize their materials, products and processes to achieve maximum performance and safety with minimal cost. To find the right manufacturing mix, many manufacturers put their materials and products to the test. This kind of testing often involves the use of a force gauge to determine under what conditions a material, component or product could break or become loose. A force gauge can be used to identify the amount of Newtons necessary to a open door, turn a handle or push down a vehicle's brake pedal. Force gauges can measure tension forces used to destroy metal pipes or wires. Force gauges even can be used to evaluate how compression forces affect car seats during an automobile accident.
A force is usually visible only when it causes changes. We do not see the force though, but its effect. However, this effect is not only dependent on the height and direction of the force, but also on the influences that counteract the force. In order to be able to determine and compare forces objectively, various methods and devices for measuring forces have been developed. In a force gauge with an analogue display, a pointer is usually moved along the scale by the force to be measured. The force gauge with a digital display shows the measured values as a graph or numerical value on the electronic display. Many of these devices can also store the measured data available in the electronic form or transmit it directly to computers or other devices via interfaces.
The internationally used unit for force is the newton. It also applies to the weight force caused by the gravity. In everyday life, in medicine and also for load specifications, however, the term weight is usually used with the specifications in the unit kilogram and other forces are also specified in kilograms. For this reason, there are many models of force gauges that display the measured values in grams or kilograms. In the Anglo-American language area, the force reference is indicated by an appended f for force, where it is not kg but kgf. A force of one kilogram (kg or kgf) corresponds to about 10 (9.81) newtons and one newton to about 100 (102) grams.
The measuring range, the display steps and the measuring accuracy depend on the measuring principle and the force transducer used. For example, a digital force gauge of a certain model series can measure from 0.000 to 5.000 Newton with a resolution of 0.001 Newton and another force gauge of the same model series can measure up to 100,000 Newton with a resolution of 10 Newton.
The force gauge can be destroyed by the forces that are too high, but also by incorrect loading with the wrong force application point, wrong force direction or by additional dynamic loads that have not been taken into account. The magnitude and direction of the forces and whether they can be safely absorbed and evaluated by the measuring device therefore play an important role in the selection of the device. In addition, it must be taken into account that many of the devices only function reliably if certain operating conditions are observed. For some applications there is a large selection of different types of devices, but for the others only a few device variants come into question or special adaptations or special solutions have to be developed for the individual case.
- What type of force testing system does your application require (e.g., portable handheld force gauge or force gauge with stationary force test stand or universal testing machine)?
- What type of force need to be measured (e.g., compression, tension, torque, peel strength, flexure / bend strength, etc.)?
- What is the anticipated minimum and maximum force to be measured (e.g., force measuring range of 0 ... 500 N)?
- What degree of accuracy is necessary for the successful completion of your force testing task?
- What memory size and data transfer interface is needed, if any?
- What level of after-sales service and support is desired?
- What is your budget?
Following is a more detailed analysis of criteria to keep in mind when selecting a force gauge.