Can you post the thread you found suggesting you needed a custom imagery provider? I think you should be able to do this just with the SingleTileImagery provider:
https://cesiumjs.org/Cesium/Build/Documentation/SingleTileImageryProvider.html
This code example uses it to supply an image but I think supply a canvas there, or a dataURI to a canvas there, should work:
This sounds like a cool application, is it for a particular study, hobby or part of a company project? We recently did a showcase of a wind application in Cesium:
Are you trying to do something similar to that?