Thanks, I did still have my application set up to use the Cesium.js in the Build directory instead of the one in the Source directory, that solved my problem.
As far as disabling the culling goes, changing
if (frameState.mode === SceneMode.SCENE3D) to if (false)
solved my problem, and my tiles now stay visible. We are only concerned with terrain for a small geographic location, so rendering extra tiles is a very minor concern as most levels only have one tile.