Yes, this is absolutely possible on iOS and there are more than a few community members that have built projects this way. Unfortunately I'm not one of them (yet) but hopefully others can chime in with their experiences. The tech stack can vary greatly depending on the approach you take, but general it involves using a webview (as you already alluded to).
There is also a rather ambitious port of Cesium as a native iOS/OSX Metal-based library:
https://github.com/tokyovigilante/CesiumKit but I'm not sure if it's being actively developed and it definitely doesn't handle 3D Tiles yet.