Hi Sheldon,
The developer dashboard simulates the launch of an application via the SMART framework. On launch, a launch context is created that captures information about the patient and encounter that were selected and is passed as the "launch" parameter to the registered SMART launch url.
The patient information is fetched from the server on the index.html page, after the authorization workflow has been completed and an access token has been created.
Thanks,
Jennifer
Additional documentation: