You seem to be asking two questions here:
1) Is it possible to build Ceres without SuiteSparse
2) Is it possible to build Ceres without Eigen
the answer to 1) is Yes, the answer to 2) is No.
If you configure Ceres via CMake without SuiteSparse installed, or if set SUITESPARSE=OFF in the CMake GUI then Ceres will build without SuiteSparse. In the 1.13 release, the use of Eigen to solve *sparse* problems is disabled by default, but in master (and thus in the next release) this will be enabled by default. You can enable the use of Eigen for solving sparse problems by setting EIGENSPARSE=ON in the CMake GUI. Irrespective of the value of EIGENSPARSE, Eigen is a required dependency for Ceres as it is used throughout Ceres for linear algebra operations irrespective of the sparse solver backend used.
The various CMake options for Ceres are explained in more detail
here.
-Alex