I'm not sure what is meant by "resource" here. In case we're talking about webmachine resources: webmachine by default creates resource instances for each request [1]. This stands in contrast to "every cell is an actor", but can potentially be changed.
Yes, the idea of "resource" is that it's a Webmachine resource. There's no conflict here: actors can be ephemeral and die at the end of a request. On JRuby 1.7, I'm able to create 10,000 actors a second so I don't anticipate a performance bottleneck here, at least for Rails-like single application instance loads. Celluloid pools threads so ephemeral actors shouldn't be a problem.
Resources are the glue between the incoming requests and the other cells in the system. Perhaps other cells can persist between requests (with an optional inactivity timeout?) but I think the resource cells should follow a Webmachine-like lifecycle and only exist for the duration of the request.
The main use case is scatter/gather programming: you want a request for a resource to kick off many other cells hitting backend services in parallel and assembling the result. Celluloid Futures can provide the glue for gathering the results.