The TfL Oyster Card data is definitely not public. I had an interesting conversation with some people from TfL after the Barbican event that left me realising that it's unlikely to be public anywhere in the near future. It's not just a case of releasing it, there are immense technical problems in accessing the real-time system that is used to make it work at the station barriers. There is also a security and privacy issue, so we're only ever likely to see anonymised blocks of sample data for now.
There is data on station in/out records released by TfL on their developer site:
Have a look at the following datasets which might be useful. You have to register with them first, but it's usually quite quick to do.
Oyster Card Journey Information (5%)
Rolling Origin and Destination Survey
London Underground Passenger Counts
On a related note, they released some data on Oyster Card overcharging by station which I plotted on MapTube:
If you look at the stations where people were overcharged most (i.e. touch out failed), then it follows what we would expect from numbers of people exiting. In other words, if you say that Oyster always works 99% of the time, the overcharge is just this times the number of people using the station.