Thetest card for the Van Orden star is a horizontal rectangle that includes two vertical columns of pre-printed shapes placed 154mm apart. The patient stands in front of the cheiroscope and views the card through the oculars, where they will see one column of shapes with the left eye and the other with the right eye. Using two pencils, one for each hand, the patient will draw a series of lines on the card. They start by placing each pencil on the center target of each column. They will then draw a line with each hand, simultaneously, toward the center of the card until the pencils appear to touch each other. Once they have done this, they move the pencils so that the right-hand pencil is now on the top figure of the right-hand column of shapes, while the left-hand pencil is placed on the bottom figure of the left-hand column. From this position, they again draw a line with each hand toward the center until the pencils appear to touch.
Next, the pencils are moved such that the left-hand pencil is placed on the top figure of the left-hand column and the right-hand pencil is on the bottom figure of the right-hand column. The process is repeated, with the patient drawing lines toward the center and the pencils alternating between shapes until all corresponding shapes have been used.1,2
Ideally, a completed Van Orden star looks like what is shown in Figure 1A.3 The lines that the patient has drawn on each side meet in a definite point at a distance of approximately 37mm from the inside edge of the printed figures (a separation of 77mm). Various clinical presentations can change the appearance of the star, however. Among these are horizontal heterophorias, vertical deviations and central suppression of one or both eyes.
Before I started playing with the prism, I performed a baseline Van Orden star. Compared with Figure 1A, which shows perfect results, Figure 1B is evidence of both my esophoria and vertical deviation. The right side of the pattern is several millimeters below the left, with a horizontal separation of the apices of 63mm. You can also see that the point where the lines meet for each side is not precise, possibly indicating some instability of both fixation and alignment.
For the first set of Van Orden stars with prism, I wore 8^ yoked and performed one star in each of the following base directions: right, left, up and down, followed by 8^ base-in and base-out. Figure 2 shows the result with 8^ base-right. While both sides of the star show defined apices, my vertical deviation was made blatantly obvious with the right-hand half of the star shifted downward by a full 5mm. Clearly, I was not able to compensate for the shift in my perceptual space created by the base-right prism. Yoked base-left, base-up and base-down showed similar results.
Really interesting deviations of the star showed up when I moved the prism to base-in and base-out (Figure 3). With 8^ base-in, the two sides still showed good apices, but they were significantly closer to each other, at about 56mm compared with my baseline of 63mm. With 8^ base-out, the apices were extremely far apart, at 110mm. Perceptually, as I was drawing the figures, the base-in setup made the two columns of figures appear to be much farther apart than they actually were, and the opposite was true for the base-out.
Another possible appearance occurs when the patient is showing a central suppression. In this case, one or both sides of the star will fail to come to a defined apex. As part of my experiment, I created a simulated central suppression OS with a piece of translucent tape on the left cheiroscope ocular, and sure enough, I had no definite apex to the star on that side. This is an easy-to-see manifestation of what can otherwise be a difficult clinical diagnosis.
Dr. Taub is a professor, chief of the Vision Therapy and Rehabilitation service and co-supervisor of the Vision Therapy and Pediatrics residency at Southern College of Optometry (SCO) in Memphis. He specializes in vision therapy, pediatrics and brain injury. Dr. Schnell is an associate professor at SCO and teaches courses on ocular motility and vision therapy. She works in the pediatric and vision therapy clinics and is co-supervisor of the Vision Therapy and Pediatrics residency. Her clinical interests include infant and toddler eye care, vision therapy, visual development and the treatment and management of special populations. They have no financial interests to disclose.
It naturally follows that if a person should make a special study of any one subject, from long experience and studious research, he will in the end unravel, at least to some extent, the so-called mysteries of the subject on which he has so concentrated his attention.
To the student of Art, Art reveals her mysteries of color, form, design, pose, and a thousand and one subtleties that escape the ordinary observer. To the student of Biology every leaf tells its own story, every tree its age, every flower its own pedigree.
In presenting this book to the public I need then offer no other apology for so doing, than that of having been a student of this particular branch of thought for a very long period, and having proved so-called theories by countless experiments and experiences, I feel I am at last in a position to give to the world at large the result of such studies.
It is admitted by all that the occult side of things has been the one side of life the least explored or investigated. That there is an occult or hidden part in actual relation to human life is on every side a conceded fact, but before this mystery-the greatest of all-the majority of thinkers have held themselves aloof.
In our age the physical and mechanical sciences have called for the greatest attention, yet such things as wireless communication and radium, to-day household words, have been stumbled across by so-called chance.
Already wireless communication has saved hundreds of lives, radium has done likewise, the mysteries of yesterday have become the commonplaces of today, and so knowledge in the eternal fitness of things becomes the servant of those who serve.
In pursuit of the laws, which have controlled thought in recent centuries, man has, in earning his successes on the physical and mechanical plane, forgotten the loss he has sustained from the lack of study and observation on the occult or psychic side of humanity. He is more occupied to-day in building implements for the destruction of life than he is in the problems of life itself, or in the finding out of those laws which create, control, and sustain life.
When Newton discovered gravitation, it was not supposed for a moment that he had solved the problem of the spheres, and it is sometimes forgotten that when he came to realize that beyond our system of stars, sun, moon and planets there were again the fixed stars with their countless systems, in the magnitude of the problem, he could only decide that there was again some occult law behind all, greater than any known law that could even be imagined.
With these few words as a preface, I will endeavor to make my theory so clear that I hope anyone of ordinary intelligence may be able to follow and experiments with certain rules, which will be treated in the following chapters.
During my earlier years, when traveling in the East, it had been my good fortune to come in contact with a certain sect of Brahmins who had kept in their hands from almost prehistoric times studies and practices of an occult nature which they regarded as sacredly as they did their own religious teachings. Among other things, they permitted me to learn certain theories on the occult significance of numbers and their influence and relation to human life, which subsequent years and manifold experiences not only confirmed, but justified me in endeavoring to apply them in a practical sense so that others might also use this knowledge with, I hope, advantage to themselves and to those around them
The ancient Hindu searchers after Nature's laws, it must be remembered, were in former years masters of all such studies, but in transmitting their knowledge to their descendants; they so endeavored to hide their secrets from the common people that in most cases the key to the problem became lost, and the truth that had been discovered became buried in the dust of superstition and charlatanism, to be re-formed, let us hope, when some similar cycle of thought in its own appointed time will again claim attention to this side of nature
This ancient people, together with the Chaldeans and Egyptians, were the absolute masters of the occult or hidden meaning of numbers, in their application to time and in their relation to human life.
When examining such questions, we must not forget that it was the Hindus who discovered what is known as the precession of the Equinoxes, and in their calculation such an occurrence takes place every 25,827 years, our modern science after labor of hundreds of years has simply proved them to be correct.
How, or by what means they were able to arrive at such a calculation, has never been discovered-observations lasting over such a period of time are hardly admissible, and calculation without instruments is also scarcely conceivable, and so science has only been able, first to accept their statement, and later to acknowledge its accuracy.
Their judgment, together with that of the Chaldeans, as to the length of what is now known as the cycle of years of the planets, has been handed down to us from the most remote ages, and also by our modern appliances has been proved correct, so when one comes to a study such as this, as to the value of the numbers, 1 to 9, which, as the seven harmonies of music are the bases of all music that has ever been conceived, these above-stated numbers are the basis of all our numbers and calculations, it is then only logical to accept the decisions of those great students of long past ages and at least examine their deductions with a mind free from bias and prejudice.
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