Eclairage sur
les Négociations, Vol.7, No.5, Juin 2008
• Un verre à moitié
plein ou à moitié vide ? Vers un APE complet
• Aide pour le commerce
dans le secteur agricole : réflexions sur un dialogue fructueux
• Aide
pour le commerce : questions clés dans le secteur agricole des ACP
• Commerce et innovation dans les APE : une autre avancée vers la
reformulation des ADPIC
• Règles d’origine pour la pêche dans les APE
intérimaires
• Focus: Comprendre le Kenya : la crise postélectorale, la
terre et l’APE intérimaire
• Surveillance et évaluation de l’APE de
Maurice : mise en place des mécanismes
• Aperçu sur l’OMC
• Le
point sur les APE
• Calendrier et publications
---
II. News: Highlights
---
From our own resources:
* Un atelier de validation de l'étude sur la finalisation du TEC (étude
réalisée par le West
African Trade Hub d'Accra) a eu lieu à Abuja du 11 au 13
juin 2008.
From ACP and EU news providers:
** All-ACP
**
*
Region uniting for trade talks Rickey Singh,
Nationnews.com, 25 June 2008ACP sugar exporting countries have blended
pledged cooperation with a strong warning to the WTO over required consensus for
"trade as a genuine development tool" for disadvantaged economies of the
developing nations […] "In our view, all WTO members have a shared
responsibility to ensure that trade is treated as a genuine development tool.
Failing that, the ACP's Consultative Group will find it extremely difficult to
join a consensus in the current Doha Development Agenda . . . ." Ambassador
Gomes was at the time addressing the 11th European Sugar Conference in Brussels.
* ACP, EU
Address Regional Integration, EPAs Sugar, Bananas
ICTSD,
Bridges Weekly, Volume 12, Number 22, 18 June 2008
Meeting in Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia at the 87th summit of the ACP Council of Ministers from 9-11
June, officials from 79 ACP states laid out their stances on several
controversial issues, including economic integration with the EU and their
preconditions for approving a trade deal at the WTO.
That summit was
immediately followed by a gathering of ministers from both the ACP and the EU,
which met from 12-13 June, also in the Ethiopian capital. The meeting resulted
in the passage of a joint resolution on food prices, EPAs, and regional
integration, among other issues. In its resolution, the Council expressed its
"commitment to make every effort to ensure that all regions conclude WTO
compatible full EPAs, within agreed timeframes and with due regard for ACP
political choices, development priorities and administrative capacities in order
to release their entire development potential." In addition, the Council
underlined the need for putting EPAs and interim agreements into provisional
application after signature, pending ratification.
-> The
resolution can be found at
http://www.consilium.europa.eu/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/pressData/en/misc/101282.pdf-> see
also: *Ministerial session raises profile of ACP, EU relations, Afriquenligne,
13 June 2008
http://www.afriquenligne.fr/news/africa-news/ministerial-session-raises-profile-of-acp,-eu-relations-200806136624.htmlà see
also Resources from Recent Events
* Africa: Some
Interim EPAs May Not Be Concluded
Hilaire Avril, Inter Press
Service, 18 June 2008
Some of the 35 ACP states that have initialled
interim IEPAs may still withdraw from the process - apart from the 44 states
that have so far refused to sign EPAs with the EU, according to researchers
studying the fraught trade negotiating process. “There is certainly the
possibility that some countries which have initialled IEPAs may not go on to
sign them, although we expect most to do so," says Dr. Christopher Stevens,
director of programmes at the Overseas Development Institute's (ODI)
international economic development group and co-author of a recent report on the
EPAs.
*
Agriculture : Charles Michel fera-t-il pencher la balance
?Oxfam solidarité, 29 Mai 2008
Après 2 ans de
campagne, les ONG belges ont présenté au Ministre Charles Michel plus de 80.000
signatures dénonçant les Accords de Partenariat Economique (APE) et réclamant
l’application du principe de souveraineté alimentaire.
** Caribbean **
*
Jagdeo doubts Guyana would ink EU deal next
week
Stabroeknews, 27 June 2008
President Bharrat
Jagdeo doubts whether Guyana would affix its signature to the EPA between the EU
and the Cariforum countries when the Caricom Heads of Government meet in Antigua
and Barbuda next week. Speaking with the media at a press conference, Jagdeo
said that he expects there would be a healthy debate on whether the region is
prepared to sign the agreement. “I doubt whether next week we are going to sign
any agreement in Antigua and Barbuda on the EPA,” he said, adding that “I doubt
whether Guyana would affix its signature at that stage to the agreement.” Jagdeo
said that he feels that as the EU has taken several years to ratify some
agreements that they had signed or had initialled, a precedent has been set. The
ACP group of countries could also take several years to ratify the agreements
without facing the consequences of punitive measures. “The legal opinions vary.
I have a wait and see approach” he said.
*Jamaica
to sign EPA with Europe
Radiojamaica.com, 24 June
2008
Prime Minister Bruce Golding has announced that Jamaica is to sign
the EPA with Europe on July 15th. But even as the country prepares to join the
treaty, Mr. Golding said the signing could be called off if there is wide scale
opposition. He warned opponents to the EPA that this will have negative
implications for Jamaica. “Now EPA is not a perfect agreement. We are going to
be having a debate on it in parliament shortly and we are expecting to sign that
agreement on the 15th of July. It is not a perfect agreement but I think under
the circumstances it is a good agreement and as I tell the critics we didn't
have to sign it and we still don't have to sign it," "If you feel that it
is not good for us then make a case because we can always say to the
Europeans...it doesn't suit us so we won't be there but when you do that
understand that every item you send to Europe is going to attract duties. If we
can deal with that then fine," he said.
*Caribbean
Federation of Independent Trade Unions and Non Governmental Organisations calls
for EPA re-negotiationAriti Jankie South Bureau, Trinidad
express, 09 June 2008
Calling for a re-negotiation of a new EPAs,
Federation of Independent Trade Unions and Non Governmental Organisations
president David Abdulah says aspects of the agreement could prove to be harmful
to the people of Trinidad and Tobago and the Caribbean. Speaking at a press
conference at the Oilfields Workers Trade Union (OWTU), he said Caribbean heads
of government would be asked to renegotiate the EPA following a two-day workshop
where the matter would be discussed in detail. He said Caribbean heads of
government had also expressed dissatisfaction.
*
Saith: EPAs will bring benefits
Trinidadexpress, 9 June
2008
Minister of Trade Lenny Saith says the signing of the controversial
EPA with the EU is a necessary step towards Trinidad and Tobago's development on
the trade and industry frontier. While speaking at a forum on the EPA hosted by
his Ministry, Saith said if the country is to truly become a spring board for
"business, trade and transportation in the Americas, the conclusion of the EPA
represent an important milestone in trade policy".
*
CARIBBEAN-SUGAR-Regional sugar producers support EPA
agreement
Caribbean Media Corporation / European Commission,
3 June 2008Caribbean sugar producers have welcomed the recently
negotiated EPA between the EU and the Caribbean Forum (CARIFORUM) countries,
saying it provides an opportunity for increased access into the European market.
** West Africa
**
*
Up-date on EU-West Africa EPA negotiations
EPA Flash News,
Directorate General for Trade, European Commission, 25 June
2008
Technical and Senior Official EPA negotiation meetings between the
EC and West Africa took place in Abuja (ECOWAS Commission building) on 17-19 and
20 June. The meetings were very constructive and allowed the Parties to progress
well on several aspects of the negotiation.
*
ECOWAS leaders call for development of regional
infrastructureafriqueenligne.fr, 24 June 2008The
34th Ordinary Session of the Authority of ECOWAS Heads of State and
Government was held on 23rd June The Authority stressed that the
establishment of a Customs Union is a prerequisite for effective engagement of
the EU, including on the ongoing negotiation of the ECOWAS/EU Economic
Partnership Agreement. It directed the ECOWAS Commission to expedite action on
the introduction of a region-wide Common External Tariff (CET) and take all
necessary measures to conclude a fair, balanced and development-oriented EPA
that takes cognizance of the concerns of West Africa. In this regard, regional
leaders called for the strengthening of the integration process with the
creation of a common market, the free movement of persons and the
interconnection of infrastructure so that the EPA would become a tool for
poverty reduction and development.
*Mise
en application de l'Ape : La Dpee préconise une libéralisation le plus linéaire
possible
Walf Fadjri, June 2008
Les pays ACP
devraient signer avec l’Union européenne des APE en 2009. La Direction de la
prévention et des études économiques (Dpee) prévoit dans ce sens une
libéralisation linéaire pour en amoindrir les dégâts. […] Les trois scenarii
présentés reposent sur les hypothèses respectives d’une libéralisation
concentrée sur les premières années, d’une libéralisation uniforme ou linéaire,
et d’une libéralisation concentrée sur les premières années. Selon la Dpee, les
pertes des recettes fiscales semblent atteindre leur minimum dans le cas du
démantèlement uniforme.
** Central Africa
**
*
La Cemac adopte des résolutions visant à renforcer
l'intégration
french.xinhuanet.com, 25 Juin 2008
La
Communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique centrale (Cemac) a annoncé
des résolutions visant au renforcement de l'intégration sous-régionale à l'issue
de son 9e sommet tenu le 24 et 25 Juin à Yaoundé. Les gouvernements des pays
membres de la CEMAC sont invités à envoyer leurs représentants à Bangui,
le siège de la CEMAC, et à mettre en place au sein de leurs gouvernements
une structure chargée de l'intégration régionale, selon le communiqué
final. Au sujet des APE avec l'Union européenne, les dirigeants ont
instruit la commission de la CEMAC de poursuivre les négociations pour
décider un délai pour un accord régionale complet.
à lire
également: *
Trois
dossiers attendent le 9e sommet des chefs d'Etats de la Cemac,
french.xinhuanet.com, 22 Juin 2008
*Le
Président du groupe de la banque africaine de développement lance un vibrant
appel pour une intégration régionale renforcéeYAOUNDE,
Cameroun, June 26, 2008/African Press Organization (APO)
Le président du
Groupe de la Banque africaine de développement, M. Donald Kaberuka, a
participé au 9ème Sommet des Chefs d’Etat et de Gouvernement de C.E.M.A.C.
Dans le cadre de son allocution, il a lancé un vibrant appel pour une
intégration régionale plus renforcée. Il a particulièrement insisté sur la
nécessité de poursuivre l’édification d’un marché commun au sein de la CEMAC
pour une croissance encore plus forte et inclusive et a réaffirmé le soutien de
la Banque au processus d’intégration régionale qui demeure une des priorités de
sa stratégie d’intervention pour la période 2008-2010 en Afrique.
** ESA
**
*EAC,
COMESA, SADC joint summit scheduled for September and October to start
negotiations for a grand Free Trade Area
Odhiambo, Allan
TRALAC, 12 June 2008Technocrats from three regional blocs - the East
African Community (EAC), the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
(Comesa) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) are proposing to
hold joint talks to attain Africa's largest common market. A joint summit
scheduled for September and October is on the plans to start negotiations for a
grand Free Trade Area (FTA). Outgoing Comesa secretary-general Erastus Mwencha,
while addressing an extra ordinary council of ministers' meeting in Nairobi last
month, said plans for the summit were under way, but fell short of giving a date
on when it would take place. According to sources of the Business Daily the
summit talks would mainly involve the council of ministers from the respective
regional economic communities (RECs) as member countries set their eyes on what
would be the continent's largest common
market.
* ESA, EU Near Trade Deal
Ndamu Sandu,
Zimbabwe Standard / tralac, 6 June 2008
ESA and EU officials meet for
the second technical meeting inside two months, from 24-25 June, followed by a
senior officials' meeting on 26 June. Last month ESA and EU officials met in
Lusaka, Zambia, where ESA presented the various trade provisions it wants
discussed in the framework of the full Economic Partnership Agreement
(EPAs).
** SADC
**
*SACU
Council of Ministers to meet in PretoriaMmegi Online
(Gaborone) 25 June 2008
The Southern African Customs Union (SACU)
Council of Ministers will meet in Pretoria, South Africa on Friday 26 June. The
meeting will, among other things, receive a report of the Executive Secretary
which will include a summary of the emerging policy issues following the SACU
Regional Integration Task Team meeting which was held in Johannesburg from 2 to
3 June 2008. The meeting of the Task Team considered an issue paper on the
implications of the SADC-EPA negotiations on SACU as well as the findings of two
SACU studies on regional integration - the Impact Assessment Study on SACU
member states (due to 2008 SADC FTA and 2010 SADC Customs Union), and the Study
on the Consolidation of SACU. The ministers’ meeting will also receive reports
on the SACU-USA Trade, Investment and Development Cooperation Agreement (TIDCA),
and the SACU-India Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA) negotiations in addition
to the recently concluded Task Team meeting.
*
South Africa-EU Ministerial Troika, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 3 June
2008Press release, Council of the European Union, 3 June
2008
Within the framework of the South Africa-European Union Strategic
Partnership, the third
Ministerial Troika was held in Ljubljana, Slovenia, on
3 June 2008. […] Ministers reaffirmed their commitment to continue negotiations
with a view to reaching a mutually beneficial agreement on a final SADC EPA with
the most inclusive membership that addresses the concerns expressed by both
sides and supports regional integration, including with respect to SADC and
SACU. The EU recalled that the Interim EPA provides for the completion of
negotiations of the full EPA by the end of 2008. South Africa noted that it was
not a party to the Interim EPA and therefore was not bound by this
timeline.
** Pacific
**
*
Fiji cabinet approves establishment of food unit for fish and fisheries
product
Pacnews / Islands Business, 18 June
2008Fiji’s interim cabinet has endorsed the setting up of a new Food
Unit that will oversee the food and fish export industries. One of its priority
role will be to put Fiji back into the list of countries exporting fish to the
European Union (EU).
à see
also the regulation removing Fiji from the list of countries from which import
of fish may be permitted:
*Commission Regulation amending Annex II to
Regulation (EC) No 2076/2005 as regards imports of fishery products from Fiji,
Commission Regulation (EC) No 439/2008 of 21 May 2008, Official Journal of the
European Union, 22 May 2008
EN
FR
*Sovereignty
or solidarity ? Pacific changes track as Europe wins first round in trade
talks
Samisoni Paretti, Islands business, June
2008
Sovereignty must be partially surrendered if Pacific islands
countries are to maintain solidarity in trade negotiations. Pacific countries
who are members of the African, Caribbean and Pacific bloc of states had a rude
realisation of this basic and age-old truth in their on-going negotiations with
the European Commission for an economic partnership agreement.
---
III. Selection from
the acp-eu-trade.org Library
---
*The
future French, Czech and Swedish Presidencies. Draft 18-month programme of the
Council
Council of the European Union, 9 June
2008
This document presents the draft programme for the three European
Presidencies to come: France, Czech Republic and Sweden. The chapter on external
relations deals with trade "The Union will actively seek to strengthen the
capacity of developing countries to take full advantage of the international
trading system, notably through an efficient implementation of the EU Aid for
Trade Strategy, including a review of progress in 2009. Every effort will be
made to contribute to the conclusion of comprehensive EPAs."
*European Parliament resolution of 5 June 2008 on the work of the
ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly in 2007This resolution
includes three paragraphs on EPAs.
EN
FR
*Economic
Partnership Agreements and the Export Competitiveness of
Africa
Paul Brenton, Richard Newfarmer, Mombert Hoppe,
Policy Research Working Paper, World Bank, May 2008
To be fully
effective, EPA will have to address constraints to regional integration,
including both tariff and non-tariff barriers; improve trade facilitation; and
define appropriate most favoured nation services liberalization. At the same
time, African countries will need to reduce external tariff peak barriers on a
most favoured nation basis to ensure that when preferences for the European
Union are implemented after transitional periods, they do not lead to
substantial losses from trade diversion. This entails an ambitious agenda of
policy reform that must be backed up by development assistance in the form of
"aid for trade."
*Public
Procurement and the Economic Partnership Agreements: assessing the potential
impact on ACP procurement policiesStephen Woolcock,
Commonwealth Secretariat / LSE, May 2008
(A draft of this paper was presented
at the Commonwealth High Level Technical Meeting on EPAs, Cape Town, 7-8 April
2008.)
This paper first describes the nature of rules on government
procurement and discusses the distinction between transparency and
liberalization. It then sets the broader picture by considering trends in rules
on government procurement in other free trade agreements and at the plurilateral
level in the Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) of the World Trade
Organisation (WTO). This is followed by a discussion of the likely costs and
benefits for the ACP states of adopting rules similar to those adopted in the
CARIFORUM-EC EPA text
*EPAs
and services in 2008 and beyond - What challenges lie ahead for the
ACP?
Paper prepared for the Commonwealth Secretariat by
Victor Ogalo, Consumer Unity Trust Society (CUTS) Nairobi Resource Centre
and Gideon Rabinowitz, CUTS London Resource Centre, May 2008
This paper
assesses the current state of play of services negotiations in the ongoing
negotiations aimed at establishing EPAs between the EU and seventy-five ACP
countries. Further, the paper identifies the critical issues facing the ACP in
ensuring the outcome of the EPAs services negotiations supports their
development efforts and provides ACP countries with guidance on how such
objectives can be met.
* Open letter
by Members of the European Parliament to EC President
BarrosoPublished in European Voice, 22 May 2008, (available
online at the website of the Swedish Left Party delegation in the European
Parliament (GUE/NGL-group))
Open letter asking European Commission
President Barroso to do everything in his power to reopen the EPA negotiations,
in line with his statement concerning the potential negative impact of badly
negotiated EPAs on the African economies made at the EU Africa Summit in
December 2007.
*
Business for Development 2008: Promoting Commercial Agriculture in
AfricaOECD, May 2008
The changing pattern of
international trade in agriculture has profound implications for Africa. The
book’s authors discuss these trade flows, map the corporate landscape of
agro-food (including the emergent indigenous sector) and assess trends in
international development co-operation in agriculture. Particular focus is given
to “aid for trade” programmes that aim to foster private-sector development and
trade-capacity building.
*
An Impact Study of the EU-ACP Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) in the Six
ACP RegionsLionel Fontagné, David Laborde, Cristina
Mitaritonna, CEPII working paper No 2008 – 04, April 2008
This
study intends to present a very detailed and dynamic analysis of the
trade-related aspects of Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) negotiations. It
uses a dynamic partial equilibrium model – focusing on the demand side – at the
HS6 level (covering 5,113 HS6 products). Two alternative lists of sensitive
products are constructed, one giving priority to the agricultural sectors, the
other focusing on tariff revenue preservation.
Résumé
non technique en français:
*A
Positive Agenda for African Agriculture in EPAs
Analytical
Note, South Centre, April 2008
This Analytical note gives an overview of
the provisions on agriculture of the interim EPA initialled at the end of 2007
between the EU and 35 ACP countries. A better understanding of the challenges
that faces sub-Saharan agriculture in its expansion as well as the
implementation of measures that would help it in that sense are fundamental for
the formulation of a positive agenda that would appear as a chapter of the EPA
on agriculture.
*The Interim
Pacific Economic Partnership Agreement
Stephen J. H.
Dearden, European Development Policy Study Group, Manchester Metropolitan
University, DP36, March 2008
This paper reviews the negotiation of an
Interim Economic Partnership Agreement for the Pacific group of the ACP (PACP).
It begins with a summary of the existing trade agreements of the PACPs with
their major trading partners, and considers the relative importance of their
trade with the EU. It then reviews the various impact assessments which have
been undertaken to inform the PACPs’ negotiations of an EPA, before turning to
consideration of the progress of the negotiations themselves, identifying those
issues which were to prove most problematic. It concludes by outlining the
Interim Agreement, which was only signed by Fiji and PNG, and assessing the
likely prospects of a Final Agreement being achieved by the end of 2008.
---
IV. Resources from Recent
Events
---
* Regional Dialogue on the Interim EPA between the EAC and the EU,
Kigali, Rwanda
Date: 17-18 June 2008
This regional dialogue
was organized by the International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development
(ICTSD) in collaboration with the Rwanda Private Sector Federation (PSF). The
key objective of the Dialogue was to examine the initialled Interim EPA between
the EAC and the EU thus providing the region an opportunity to reflect on
whether national priorities have been met in the agreement as it stands to-date
and whether or not there is room for renegotiation of the initialled agreement.
Further examination was then be made on various areas still pending in the EAC
Rendezvous Clause highlighting key issues namely Agriculture, Intellectual
Property, Services and Investment.
Resources:
*Event: Symposium on Aid for Trade for the Caribbean: Making it a
Reality, Kingston, Jamaica
Date: 16-17 June 2008Organized by
ICTSD and the organization of American States
Resources:
->
Information on
the ICTSD website
* Event: Tralac annual conference, Cape Town
Date: 12-13 June
2008
The conference focused on Southern Africa’s RTA (Regional Trade
Arrangement) agenda, including sessions on Intra-Regional Developments in
SACU-SADC, on EPAs and Deeper Regional Integration as well as on relations
between India, China and Southern Africa.
Resources:
->
Programme
* Event: South Africa-EU Ministerial Troika, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Date: 3 June 2008Resources: ->
Joint
Communiqué (see p.2 on the Economic Partnership Agreement)
* Event: ESA/EAC Seminar on Trade in Services and Investments in the EPA
negotiations, Kampala, Uganda
Date: 28-29 May
2008
->
Programme
Presentations made:
-> by the COMESA secretariat
“Importance
of services in ESA”
-> by Isabelle Ramdoo, Ministry of Foreign
Affairs, International Trade And Cooperation, Mauritius,
“ ESA’s
proposed framework in the context of EPA negotiations in trade and
services”
-> by Mwila Mukosa Daka Ministry of Commerce, Trade and
Industry Zambia, “
Liberalizing
the Financial Services Sector Zambia’s Experience”
-> by Pascal
Kerneis, Managing Director, ESF (European Services Forum)
“Business
Perspective / Ambitions – The EU views”
-> by the European
Commission"
-
“A
perspective on negotiating successfully Services and Investment: from the
interim EPAs to the full EPA. The example of the EC/Cariforum EPA”
-
“EU
support for EPA implementation and regional integration agenda on services and
investment”
-
“Other
aspects of EPAs: scope and perspective”
*Event: Second Extra-Ordinary Meeting of the COMESA Council of
Ministers, Nairobi
Date: 15 May 2008
The declaration of the
meeting addresses the launch of the COMESA customs union, the COMESA fund and
the ESA-EU EPA negotiations.
Resources:
->
Declaration