Kingdom Plantae
Halima Leisch
Plants are the eukaryotes that form the kingdom Plantae; they are predominantly photosynthetic. This means that they obtain their energy from sunlight, using chloroplasts derived from endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria to produce sugars from carbon dioxide and water, using the green pigment chlorophyll. Exceptions are parasitic plants that have lost the genes for chlorophyll and photosynthesis, and obtain their energy from other plants or fungi.
Historically, as in Aristotle's biology, the plant kingdom encompassed all living things that were not animals, and included algae and fungi. Definitions have narrowed since then; current definitions exclude the fungi and some of the algae. By the definition used in this article, plants form the clade Viridiplantae (green plants), which consists of the green algae and the embryophytes or land plants (hornworts, liverworts, mosses, lycophytes, ferns, conifers and other gymnosperms, and flowering plants). A definition based on genomes includes the Viridiplantae, along with the red algae and the glaucophytes, in the clade Archaeplastida.
Our data demonstrates widespread occurrence and conservation of non-coding RNA methylation in the kingdom Plantae, suggesting important and highly conserved roles of this post-transcriptional modification.
In this study, we describe single nucleotide resolution of post-transcriptionally modified cytosine residues in plant rRNA and tRNAs by combining RNA bisulfite conversion with second generation Illumina sequencing (RBS-seq). We report the identification of novel modified cytosines in A. thaliana nuclear transcribed tRNAs and that these sites are dependent on RMTases TRDMT1 and the previously undescribed Arabidopsis TRM4B. Additionally, we show these modified sites in nuclear tRNAs are conserved through evolution from the single celled algae Nannochloropsis oculata to multicellular higher plants. Interestingly, no m5C sites were detected in Arabidopsis chloroplast or mitochondrial tRNAs, which is in contrast to animal mitochondrial tRNAs. The function of tRNA methylation in regulating translation is demonstrated, as trdmt1 trm4b double mutants are hypersensitive to the antibiotic hygromycin B. Furthermore, we identify novel modified cytosines in nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast rRNAs. In Arabidopsis nuclear LSU 25S rRNA, m5C at C2268 was dependent on NSUN5, but methylation at C2860 was not found to be dependent on any particular NOP2 ortholog in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, RMTases responsible for methylation of tRNAs were not required for rRNA methylation, and vice versa indicating functional specialization of the RMTase family. These data represent the first high-resolution description of tRNA and rRNA modifications in the plantae kingdom and creates a platform to begin understanding the function, significance and evolution of non-coding RNA methylation.
Answer: Kingdom Plantae refers to a category in the taxonomic hierarchy of classification. Plants refer to a taxon. There are different types of plant species, which are found on planet earth. They are sorted and classified into a separate kingdom known as Kingdom Plantae. This classification is based on their similarities and differences.
The Kingdom Plantae is also called as kingdom Metaphyta. The Kingdom Plantae includes all types of eukaryotic, multicellular, photosynthetic plants found in this biosphere.
"@context": " ", "@type": "FAQPage", "mainEntity": [ "@type": "Question", "name": "Give the outline for kingdom plantae.", "acceptedAnswer": "@type": "Answer", "text": "Kingdom Plantae is classified into the following groups:\nThallophyta: Algae belong to this group. They have chlorophyll. They are phototrophic. They are mostly aquatic. Other members include fungi.\nBryophyta: They are found in cool, damp areas. They have thallus like plant body attached to the substratum. They do not have true roots, leaves and stems. An example includes lichens.\nPteridophyta: They are found in cool, damp and shady places. They have differentiated and well-developed roots stem and leaves. They bear sporangia which produce spores. An example includes ferns.\nGymnosperms: They have naked seeds. The examples include pinus, They do not have ovary wall. banyan tree.\nAngiosperms: The seeds are enclosed by the fruits. The examples include flowering plants." , "@type": "Question", "name": "In the given word 'Kingdom Plantae', identify the category and taxon.\nA. Kingdom Plantae refers to taxon\nB. Kingdom Plantae refers to taxon and plants refer to category\nC. Kingdom Plantae refers to taxon and plants refer to taxon\nD. Plants refer to category", "acceptedAnswer": "@type": "Answer", "text": "Kingdom Plantae refers to a category in the taxonomic hierarchy of classification. Plants refer to a taxon. There are different types of plant species, which are found on planet earth. They are sorted and classified into a separate kingdom known as Kingdom Plantae. This classification is based on their similarities and differences. \nThe Kingdom Plantae is also called as kingdom Metaphyta. The Kingdom Plantae includes all types of eukaryotic, multicellular, photosynthetic plants found in this biosphere." , "@type": "Question", "name": "Kingdom plantae shows two phases of life, gametophytic and\nA. Autotrophic\nB. Sporophytic\nC. Saprophytic\nD. Geophytic", "acceptedAnswer": "@type": "Answer", "text": "Bryophytes are the plants in which the life cycle has two phases gametophytic and sporophytic, alternating to each other. This phenomenon is called alternation of generation. Gametophytic phase is haploid, autotrophic, gametes(male and female) formative and responsible for the sexual reproduction. Sporophytic phase is the subsidiary phase which is diploid, heterotrophic and spore formative and responsible for the asexual reproduction. For example, Riccia, Funaria.\nSo, the correct answer is option B." , "@type": "Question", "name": "Give an outline of classification of the kingdom plantae with one example of each.", "acceptedAnswer": "@type": "Answer", "text": "The kingdom plantae is divided into five divisions. They are \nAlgae. Plants belonging to this group lack a well defined body structure. E.g.: Spirogyra.\nBryophyta: Plant body differentiated into stem and root, but plants lack a vascular system. E.g.: Merchantia.\nPteridophyta: Plant body is differentiated into stem, roots and leaves and they have a vascular system. They do not bear seeds. E.g.: Ferns.\nGymnosperms: They have a well differentiated plant body and vascular system and plants bear seeds (seeds however are naked). E.g.: Pine.\nAngiosperms: Plant body well differentiated and plants bear seeds (seeds enclosed in fruits). E.g.: Mango." ]
There are six kingdoms of life, namely: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Archaea, Protista, and Eubacteria. Kingdom Plantae is comprised of all multicellular plants found on land and water. The members of this kingdom are eukaryotic and photosynthetic. Therefore, Plantae is one of the kingdoms of life comprised of all plants on the land and in water. Kingdom Plantae belongs to the domain Eukarya.
Kingdom Plantae is comprised of three major divisions, namely: Pteridophyta, Bryophyta, and Spermatophyta. Members of kingdom Plantae are unique because they can manufacture their food, thus they are autotrophs. They convert the energy from the sun into chemical energy, a process known as photosynthesis, to manufacture their food.
There are creatures living among us that use air and water to make sugar! Sounds magical, doesn't it? You probably take them for granted, but you shouldn't. They make the air you breathe, the food you eat, the fiber for your clothes, dyes for fabrics, the building materials for your house and the legs for your table. I could keep going but you get the idea. Kingdom plantae is one of six kingdoms of organisms, and it includes every plant you could imagine from the moss growing on the forest floor to the mighty, towering fir trees.
Specific criteria can be used in the classification of members of the kingdom Plantae. This criteria includes their primary classification, habitat, nutrition, and lifecycle. Classifying members of kingdom Plantae helps to correctly identify the plants' species and understand the diversity of kingdom Plantae.
Taxonomists, or scientists who classify organisms, continually modify and adjust the classification system as new species are discovered. Here is a list of the five other kingdoms with one example organism, just so you can get an idea how plants compare.
There are over 250,000 species that make up the kingdom plantae, which is the second largest kingdom after the animal kingdom. When you think of a plant, that green stuff that grows inside your fish tank probably isn't the first thing that comes to mind, but algae is in the kingdom plantae. In fact, there are over 12,000 different species of algae: some brown, some green and some red. And you thought all plants were green! Typically, plants are green due to chlorophyll, or green pigment that helps the plant get energy from the sun. In the case of some of the algae, the chlorophyll combines with other pigments to make the red or brown. Algae are an important piece of the food chain in marine and freshwater environments.
I could go on and on (remember there are thousands of different types of plants) but I will finish up with two familiar groups: gymnosperms and angiosperms. Both of these groups produce seeds, but gymnosperms do not produce flowers or fruit, whereas angiosperms have flowers. Gymnosperms include pine trees, spruce trees and fir trees. Angiosperm examples include roses, fruit trees or anything you can think of that produces a flower or fruit. In fact, angiosperms make up 80% of the green plants in the kingdom plantae.
8d45195817