 | | | | Links to recent scientific papers, web posts, upcoming events, job opportunities, podcasts, and event recordings, etc. on Carbon Dioxide Removal Technology.💸COMMERCIAL NEWS Share 📝RESEARCH PAPERSBoyd, P. W., Gattuso, J. P., Hurd, C. L., & Williamson, P. (2024). Limited understanding of basic ocean processes is hindering progress in marine carbon dioxide removal. Environmental Research Letters, 19(6), 061002.Synopsis: Researchers review the climatic effectiveness of four nature-based techniques: shellfish cultivation, seaweed farming, coastal blue carbon restoration (including seagrass, saltmarsh, and mangrove forests), and increasing whale populations through ‘rewilding’. They conclude that while these activities offer significant non-climatic benefits, they cannot provide substantial contributions to CDR and may be ‘dead ends’ for meaningful climate mitigation.
González-Santana, D., Segovia, M., González-Dávila, M., Ramírez, L., González, A. G., Pozzo-Pirotta, L. J., ... & Santana-Casiano, J. M. (2024). Ocean alkalinity enhancement using sodium carbonate salts does not lead to measurable changes in Fe dynamics in a mesocosm experiment. Biogeosciences, 21(11), 2705-2715.Synopsis: Artificial ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) modifies seawater pH and buffering capacity, impacting marine organisms and trace metal speciation. Mesocosm experiment in Gran Canaria revealed no significant iron concentration changes due to OAE, with variations likely masked by biological interactions. Results suggest OAE introduction didn't affect iron dynamics or phytoplankton.
Zhang, S., Qu, X., Huang, G., & Hu, P. (2024). Reduced rainfall over the Amazon basin in an idealized CO2 removal scenario: Remote dynamic processes. Journal of Environmental Sciences.Synopsis: The Amazon basin is vital for biodiversity & carbon storage, but faces decreased rainfall with global warming. Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) alone won't restore rainfall levels. Enhanced El Niño-like warming weakens zonal & meridional circulation, keeping the Amazon susceptible to drought. Local climate adaptation is crucial.
Terlouw, T., Pokras, D., Becattini, V., & Mazzotti, M. (2024). Assessment of Potential and Techno-Economic Performance of Solid Sorbent Direct Air Capture with CO2 Storage in Europe. Environmental Science & Technology.Synopsis: DACCS shows promise for carbon removal but faces upscaling challenges. This geospatial analysis in Europe evaluates CDR costs and potential, driven by energy availability, climate, electricity price, and CO2 transport distance. Sweden could offset 10% of emissions with waste heat. Effective DACCS implementation requires comprehensive assessments considering transport and storage. Regional differences underscore the need for location-specific analysis.
Edelenbosch, O. Y., Hof, A. F., van den Berg, M., de Boer, H. S., Chen, H. H., Daioglou, V., ... & van Vuuren, D. P. (2024). Reducing sectoral hard-to-abate emissions to limit reliance on carbon dioxide removal. Nature Climate Change, 1-8.Synopsis: To achieve net-zero greenhouse gas targets, carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies are essential but come with risks. Scenarios for the 1.5°C target show that demand and technological interventions can lower emissions in hard-to-abate sectors and reduce reliance on CDR. Dietary changes are crucial for cutting agricultural emissions.
Afrane, S., Ampah, J. D., Jinjuan, Z., Yang, P., Chen, J., & Mao, G. (2024). Deployment of carbon removal technologies could reduce the rapid and potentially disruptive pace of decarbonization in South Africa’s climate ambitions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142753.Synopsis: South Africa seeks to meet emission targets without disrupting its energy sector. Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) tech offers a less aggressive path. Integrated assessment shows CDR could cut mitigation costs, ease renewable energy expansion, and prevent asset stranding. However, it may lead to higher residual emissions. Balancing decarbonization efforts with CDR investment is crucial for achieving net-zero goals efficiently.
Honvault, N., Tiouchichine, M. L., Sauze, J., Piel, C., Landais, D., Devidal, S., ... & Milcu, A. (2024). Additive effects of basalt enhanced weathering and biochar co-application on carbon sequestration, soil nutrient status and plant performance in a mesocosm experiment. Applied Geochemistry, 106054.Synopsis: Co-deployment of carbon removal technologies like basalt enhanced weathering and biochar holds promise for meeting climate targets. Mesocosm experiment reveals additive effects on carbon sequestration and co-benefits, supporting their combined application in carbon mitigation strategies.
Li, H., Zick, M. E., Trisukhon, T., Signorile, M., Liu, X., Eastmond, H., ... & Forse, A. C. (2024). Capturing carbon dioxide from air with charged-sorbents. Nature, 1-6.Synopsis: Charged-sorbents, synthesized via a battery-like process, offer tunable structures for efficient carbon dioxide capture. These materials adsorb CO2 from ambient air, regenerate at low temperatures, and can be Joule-heated, promising a renewable-powered direct air capture process. With low-cost activated carbons, they hold potential for diverse applications beyond carbon capture.
Yamamoto, K., Devries, T., & Siegel, D. A. (2024). Metrics for quantifying the efficiency of atmospheric CO2 reduction by marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR).Synopsis: Modeling is crucial for assessing marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) impacts on atmospheric CO2 reduction due to the system's slow response. Using an interactive atmosphere-ocean model, researchers quantify CO2 reduction from ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) and direct air capture (DAC). DAC shows immediate reduction, declining to 50% in 100 years, while OAE reaches 40-90% efficiency after years to decades, varying spatially. This model aids in evaluating sequestration timescales and carbon market valuation for mCDR strategies.
Jiang, B. N., Zhang, Y. Y., Wang, Y., Liu, H. Q., Zhou, Q., Yang, Y. J., ... & Song, H. L. (2024). Sponge iron-coupled biochar solution can achieve the synergistic augmentation of carbon sequestration, carbon sink capacity, and denitrification in ecological ditches. Chemical Engineering Journal, 152496.Synopsis: Agricultural eco-ditches, potential CO2 hotspots, require immediate carbon capture tech deployment. Fe-biochar coupling enhances C sequestration, pollutant removal. Fe-OC boosts carbon burial, with unique mechanisms advancing C dynamics knowledge beyond eco-ditches.
Sugiyama, M., Fujimori, S., Wada, K., Kato, E., Matsuo, Y., Nishiura, O., ... & Otsuki, T. (2024). Residual emissions and carbon removal towards Japan’s net-zero goal: A multi-model analysis. Environmental Research Communications.Synopsis: Multi-model study on Japan's net-zero by 2050 target reveals stronger strategies than previous goals. Abatement, energy efficiency, cleaner fuels crucial. New options like CDR with CCS and hydrogen crucial. Limiting CDR increases costs, demanding responsible policies for net-zero.
Salvador, R. W., & Doong, R. A. (2024). Simultaneous achievement of energy recovery and carbon sequestration through municipal solid waste management: A review. Chemosphere, 142478.Synopsis: Efficient municipal solid waste management crucial for sustainable cities. Integrating carbon dioxide removal tech into MSW processes offers carbon sequestration opportunities. Review explores MSW utilization for CDR via landfilling, waste-to-energy, and biochar production, highlighting BECCS and direct storage as viable methods. Emphasis on life-cycle assessment for future endeavors.
Atris, A. M., Sugiyama, M., Chen, Y. C., Yiyi, J., & Yamaura, K. (2024). Public perception of carbon dioxide removal in three Asian regions. Sustainability Science, 1-15.Synopsis: CDR crucial for net-zero targets, but social acceptability unclear outside North America and Europe. Survey across Japan, Taiwan, and China reveals limited public understanding and uncertain perceptions of CDR risks and benefits. Urgent need for wider public engagement on CDR for climate goals.
Zhu, X., Du, C., Gao, B., & He, B. (2024). Artificial cellulosic leaf with adjustable enzymatic CO2 sequestration capability. Nature Communications, 15(1), 4898.Synopsis: This study introduced EcoLeaf, an artificial leaf mimicking natural leaves, vital for our Net Zero Future. It sequesters CO2 using visible light, mimics stomata function, and has cellulose composition for ecosystem integration and natural degradation. Adaptable for diverse carbon sequestration pathways.
Guo, J. A., Strzepek, R. F., Swadling, K. M., Townsend, A. T., & Bach, L. T. (2024). Influence of ocean alkalinity enhancement with olivine or steel slag on a coastal plankton community in Tasmania. Biogeosciences, 21(9), 2335-2354.Synopsis: This study tested coastal plankton responses to ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) with olivine and steel slag as alkalinity sources. Both increased total alkalinity, with steel slag showing higher efficiency for CO2 removal. Phytoplankton and zooplankton communities were affected differently by olivine and steel slag, suggesting potential environmental impacts.
Stedman, R. C., Armstrong, A., Walsh, K. B., & Connelly, N. (2024). Private Landowner Willingness to Manage Their Land for Carbon Sequestration in New York State. Journal of Forestry, fvae007.Synopsis: Efforts to enhance carbon sequestration in New York State focus on afforestation and reforestation of privately owned lands. Survey of 979 landowners reveals interest in converting underutilized lands to mature forests for carbon sequestration. Key barriers include inadequate labor and financial resources, with financial incentives having a modest impact on willingness.
Li, H., Zick, M. E., Trisukhon, T., Signorile, M., Liu, X., Eastmond, H., ... & Forse, A. C. (2024). Capturing carbon dioxide from air with charged-sorbents. Nature, 1-6. Jiang, B. N., Zhang, Y. Y., Wang, Y., Liu, H. Q., Zhou, Q., Yang, Y. J., ... & Song, H. L. (2024). Sponge iron-coupled biochar solution can achieve the synergistic augmentation of carbon sequestration, carbon sink capacity, and denitrification in ecological ditches. Chemical Engineering Journal, 152496. 📰WEB POSTSMarkets are more important for novel than conventional CDR (Marginal Carbon) Marginal CarbonThe second edition of the State of CDR report was published on June 4. It’s a collaboration among numerous researchers and offers the most comprehensive overview of where carbon removal stands today. I was a co-author of Chapter 4 on the voluntary carbon market (VCM). CDR.fyi provided data on sales, deliveries, and prices for novel CDR for the report. He… 4 days ago · 5 likes · Robert Höglund 📒THESIS📃REPORTS🗓️UPCOMING EVENTSWe have curated a “Carbon Removal Events Calendar.” Explore and stay informed about upcoming events, conferences, and webinars on Carbon Dioxide Removal technology. Sync specific events / all events to your default calendar to ensure you never miss out on important CDR updates. Carbon Removal Events Calendar GUIDELINES:Sync selected events to your default calendar in these simple steps:1) Click on the event you want to sync.2) Tap the menu icon (three vertical lines) at the top left.3) Choose 'Share.'4) Pick your default calendar.5) Save the event.Sync the entire Teamup Calendar to your default calendar with these simple steps:1) Tap the menu icon (three vertical lines) at the top right.2) Choose 'Preferences.'3) Click 'iCalendar Feeds.'4) Copy the URL shown for 'CDR Events / CDR General Guidelines / CDR Job Deadlines.'’5) Paste the URL into your default calendar settings.6) Click 'Subscribe' or 'Add Calendar.'
You can directly sync all Carbon Removal events to your default calendars by pressing the link below: Sync CDR Events to your Default Calendar 💼JOB OPPORTUNITIES"CyanoCapture is a VC-backed biotech company from the University of Oxford, using the forefront of bioengineering for carbon capture. The company is using a recently discovered fast-growing photosynthetic bacteria that can rapidly absorb CO2 and convert this into organic compounds of interest. CyanoCapture is looking to scale-up its proof-of-concept work to pilot trials in the UK, United Arab Emirates and Portugal in 2025. The first-of-a-kind technology has been backed by Shell, Elon Musk's XPRIZE and Innovate UK, alongside a number of VCs and private investors."
"Living Carbon’s mission is to responsibly rebalance the planet’s carbon cycle using the power of plants."
"Yard Stick is a remote-first climate tech startup with cofounders based in Boston, MA and Oakland, CA. We are on a mission to reverse climate change with agriculture. Scientists and farmers alike know that climate-friendly agricultural practices have the potential to remove atmospheric CO2 at gigaton/year scale. When these practices are adopted, more carbon is stored in soils, improving soil health and fighting climate change. But significant measurement challenges have held soil carbon efforts back - until now."
"CarbonCure Technologies is on a mission to makeconcretea climate solution, reducingembodied carbonemissions in the built environment and transforming concrete plants into a worldwide network of carbon removal factories."
"BeZero Carbon is a global ratings agency for the Voluntary Carbon Market. We distribute our ratings via our SaaS Product, BeZero Carbon Markets, informing all market participants on how to price and manage risk. Our ratings and research tools support buyers, intermediaries, investors and carbon project developers."
"Ebb Carbon is a team of leading scientists, oceanographers, chemists, engineers, communicators and more who have decades of experience developing and scaling solutions to climate change. Together we are working on removing billions of tonnes of excess carbon dioxide already in the air due to human-generated CO2 pollution over the last 200 years. Ebb's approach to removing CO2 from the air is unique because we enhance the ocean's natural ability to capture and store carbon. In the process, we also locally reduce the acidity of seawater. Our electrochemical technology has the potential to be one of the largest scale and lowest cost approaches to removing excess CO2 from the air."
"TASC is looking for a dedicated and knowledgeable Ecologist to join their Carbon projects development team. The successful candidate will be responsible for contributing to project proposals, assessing new nature-based solutions for ecological integrity and function, identifying risks, making recommendations for project implementation, and contributing to feasibility assessments. The candidate will also be involved in assisting with biogeochemical modelling for different nature-based projects. This role offers a unique opportunity to apply ecological expertise towards the development of carbon projects, contributing to both environmental conservation and climate change mitigation."
"Conservation International (CI) and our partners are pioneering a new initiative to save our coastal ecosystems while driving economic growth by establishing a Blue Carbon Positive Business Model Activator (BC+). BC+ goes beyond traditional carbon credits, focusing on sustainable, economically viable business models with broad applicability that benefit both the environment and the people who depend on it. By creating regenerative blue carbon businesses, BC+ aims to provide local incentives through economic growth and coastal protection, promoting a transition to a more sustainable and prosperous future where nature and humanity thrive together."
Heidelberg Materials is developing USA’s first full-scale carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) solution for the cement industry at its Mitchell plant, Indiana that has potential to capture up to 2 million metric tons per annum of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and transported by pipeline, and permanently sequestered in deep saline storage formations by 2030. This project will be a critical to achieve the sustainability targets set forth in decarbonisation road map, that will allow Heidelberg Materials and our customers to reduce emissions in the built environment and support near carbon-neutral concrete offerings.
"ClearBlue Markets is seeking a talented and driven Manager, Voluntary Carbon Markets to join our Market Analysis team in Toronto. Our ideal candidate will take ownership of our VCM work and act as the expert on VCM, encompassing a comprehensive understanding of policy development, market trends, specific project types such as Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) and Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR), and regional market dynamics. The role involves translating this expertise into actionable insights and accurate forecasts, ensuring that ClearBlue's clients and internal teams are well-informed and strategically positioned. The Manager will be required to coordinate with various departments to maintain consistency in analysis and strategy across the organization."
"Everest Carbon is commercializing breakthrough proprietary measurement technology to validate carbon dioxide removal (CDR) through enhanced weathering (EW)."
The Center for Negative Carbon Emissions (CNCE) at Arizona State University is seeking a highly skilled and motivated postdoctoral research scholar to assist CNCE researchers in assessing the verifiability of carbon sequestration technologies across geologic and oceanic reservoirs.This position will work with an interdisciplinary team of physicists, geologists, engineers, oceanographers, modelers, and climate scientists, with funding from the Department of Energy (DOE) and the Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy (ARPA-E) and Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management (FECM).Specifically, the postdoctoral researcher will be responsible for supporting the assessment of the verifiability of sequestration in two different types of reservoirs: (1) ocean iron fertilization in open waters of the United States maritime zone and (2) sequestration in a saline aquifer in the Southwest United States and. This effort will advance a novel carbon accounting framework designed to verify the sequestration of carbon. Most of the focus will be on marine sequestration in the early phases of the postdoc position.
🎙️PODCASTS"Ryan Pollyea joined Virginia Tech’s “Curious Conversations” to talk about geologic carbon sequestration, which is the process of permanently storing carbon dioxide thousands of feet below the Earth’s surface. Pollyea explained what types of rock this is currently known to work with, the efforts he and his colleagues are taking to expand this to other geologic regions, and the potential impact that could have for the environment and economics."
Episode 5: 'The End of the Beginning' | Grounded: A Climate Startup Journey | Episode 5: 'The End of the Beginning' Grounded: A Climate Startup Journey 34:09 |
"It’s the fifth and (for now) final episode, and Tom finds himself facing the challenge that all founders will face: how to make the numbers work. So he whips out his calculator, picks up the phone, and starts sending off those grant applications. Amidst it all, he’s dealing with a cold workspace, grappling with contracts, and taking his first foray into filmmaking. Sure, he’s picked up a few new skills lately. But the question is: can he find a buyer for his credits? And, ultimately, will he get the funds he needs to make this all happen?Grounded is the story of a startup that wants to remove carbon from the atmosphere and help reshape our relationship with the planet. Ideally without burning to the ground in the process."
Farm-Fresh Cornish Carbon Removals | Wicked Problems  Wicked ProblemsIn this episode, host Richard Delevan talks with Tom Previte, founder of Restord, a biochar carbon removal startup. Tom shares his journey from the tech startup world to climate impact, highlighting the critical need for carbon removal, the challenges of scaling biochar technology, and his unique connection to Cornwall, UK. They delve into the complexit… 4 days ago · 3 likes · Richard Delevan and Tom Previte "In this episode, host Richard Delevan talks with Tom Previte, founder of Restord, a biochar carbon removal startup. Tom shares his journey from the tech startup world to climate impact, highlighting the critical need for carbon removal, the challenges of scaling biochar technology, and his unique connection to Cornwall, UK. They delve into the complexities of funding climate tech startups and the importance of making tangible impacts in the carbon removal industry."
"How do we conduct science when there isn't a single isolated variable? What does that mean for carbon removal not taking place in a controlled environment? How does science even work?!Today's show originated from a question of how open-system carbon removal research can be conducted given that in a less-controlled environment, isolating for a single variable with replicability is less obviously possible. Does the scientific method really demand that, or is that some sort of pop culture understanding of science that needs to be challenged?To answer that question, host and co-founder of the Nori carbon removal marketplace, Ross Kenyon, asked Dr. Holly Jean Buck of the University at Buffalo and Anu Khan of Carbon180, to read two books and come on Reversing Climate Change to discuss them.The two texts are some of the foundational works of modern philosophy of science: Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, and Paul Feyerabend's Against Method.Kuhn argued that paradigms are the collection of foundational beliefs we have about how science and knowledge production is conducted, and that they are quite hard to see outside of since most people work so deeply within them. It can often be a generational effort, as older scientists die and new ones take their places.Feyerabend goes further, arguing that we shouldn't just look for where one paradigm supersedes another, but be protective of competing systems of knowledge and the valuable ways of seeing that they unlock.The show applies their learnings to the state of the CDR industry, and attempts to ferret out carbon removal's existing paradigm, whether the world is ready for credits that are not tonne-denominated, and how much time we can afford in retooling and letting "normal science" work within an imperfect paradigm vs. trying to create an entirely new paradigm ex nihilo."
"Carbon removal can help local communities," Noah Deich, Senior Advisor at the U.S. Department of Energy | Carbonsations | "Carbon removal can help local communities," Noah Deich, Senior Advisor at the U.S. Department of Energy Carbonsations 31:16 |
"Joining us for this episode is Noah Deich, a Senior Advisor at the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management (FECM). Noah shares his journey from co-founding the climate NGO Carbon180 to his current role at the DOE and delves into the FECM's initiatives to support carbon removal, including the Carbon Negative Shot and the Voluntary Carbon Dioxide Removal Purchase Challenge."
Voluntary Carbon Markets, Investing in 100+ CDR Startups, Hard-to-Abate Sectors, & More w/ Marian Krueger (remove) | CleanTechies CleanTechiesWhy don't CDR experts ever get lost? Because they always know how to sequester! (which apparently means to find one’s way AND capturing and storing carbon) 🤯 🌎 Welcome back to the CleanTechies PodLetter, Founder edition. Today, we are talking to Marian Krueger… 6 days ago · 3 likes · Somil Aggarwal and Silas Mähner "Marian Krueger comes to us with his experience investing in 120+ early stage CDR startups, and broke down what we should look for and what’s worth watching in the years ahead.He’s a leading expert in CDR having invested in Europe, which is the leading CDR ecosystem in the world.Sitting down with him as a blast."
🎥YOUTUBE VIDEOSHow Big Tech is using rocks to reach net zero and combat climate change | Yahoo Finance "As the world’s largest companies scramble to tackle the impacts of climate change, Big Tech is betting on a surprisingly low-tech solution to reach their net-zero goal. Enhanced rock weathering already happens naturally over thousands of years, but startup Lithos Carbon is accelerating the process, spreading leftover rock dust across farm fields.The company is scaling its operation with financial backing from Frontier, a consortium of investors that include Meta (META), Alphabet (GOOG, GOOGL), and JPMorgan (JPM). The climate fund, led by payments processing company Stripe, committed $57.1 million to Lithos Carbon last year to remove over 154,000 tons of carbon.Lithos Carbon is one of hundreds of startups globally that are competing in a carbon removal industry expected to reach $135 billion by 2040, according to consulting firm BCG.Once considered a workaround for critical emission-cutting work, carbon removal technologies, which extract and sequester carbon dioxide emissions from the atmosphere, are increasingly seen as a necessary step to capping global warming at 1.5 degrees Celsius by 2050, as laid out in the Paris Agreement."
Carbon removal can help local communities," Noah Deich, Senior Advisor at the US DOE | Carbon Herald "Joining us for this episode is Noah Deich, Senior Advisor at the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management (FECM). Noah shares his journey from co-founding the climate NGO Carbon180 to his current role at the DOE and delves into the FECM's initiatives to support carbon removal, including the Carbon Negative Shot and the Voluntary Carbon Dioxide Removal Purchase Challenge."
The State of Carbon Dioxide Removal Report - 2nd edition | OxfordSmithSchool "Join us at the launch of the eagerly anticipated new edition of The State of Carbon Dioxide Removal – the independent, scientific assessment tracking the development of Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) globally.With updated data, expanded global coverage and a new chapter on Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV), ear authors present the latest findings from the report and ask your questions on CDR development and progress. After short presentations, the authors will be joined by expert contributors and will answer audience Q&A."
What would it take to remove 600,000 tons by December 31st? | Tito - AirMiners Carbon Removal Summit 2024 | Climeworks "2023 was the hottest year on record and 2024 will likely increase the global average temperature even more. On top of deep and rapid emission cuts, carbon removal is indispensable to reach global climate targets. At the fifth edition of the Climeworks Carbon Removal Summit, formerly known as the Direct Air Capture Summit, the industry’s foremost experts explored what it takes to gain speed in the marathon race to net zero."
Sustainable Futures: Carbon Removal with Smallholder Farmers (webinar) | Biochar Life Exploring Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement with Vycarb's CEO Garrett Boudinot | Bite-Size Climate Tech "I talked to Garrett Boudinot, CEO of Vycarb, to discuss their innovative approach to ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE). Vycarb is pioneering modular, autonomous systems that measure and sequester carbon dioxide in coastal waters, which contain higher CO₂ levels than other parts of the ocean. Garrett explains how their technology works, the ecological benefits of reducing ocean acidification, and the importance of OAE in combating climate change."
Weekly Carbon Removal Updates from 03 June - 09 June 2024 | Carbon Removal Updates🚨DEADLINES (NEW) 2024 CDR Salary Survey | Deadline to fill survey: 23 June 2024"CDR is a brand-new industry. We have the opportunity to develop it in a fair, equitable, and accessible way from the start. This requires us knowing the status quo. For this reason, CDRjobs launched the 2024 CDR Salary Survey: whether you are already working or looking to work in CDR, take part in this anonymous, 3 minute survey to help us create salary transparency. Over 300 people have already taken the survey and it will remain open until June 23rd and insights will be released as a report in July."
20% Group Subscription Discount Share Carbon Removal Updates Leave a comment © 2024 Carbon Removal Updates
548 Market Street PMB 72296, San Francisco, CA 94104
Unsubscribe 
| |
  |
|
