Announcing Heirloom

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Geoeng Info

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Apr 28, 2021, 9:00:35 PM4/28/21
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Announcing Heirloom

A low-cost approach to direct air capture via mineralization


All across the world, from the azure pools of Turkey and Oman to the travertine terraces of Yellowstone, our planet quietly pulls carbon dioxide from the air and turns it to stone. For eons, Earth has relied on this process to balance its carbon cycle. What if it could be harnessed? What if we could do it faster, in larger quantities, and at a low enough cost to make it an effective tool in the fight against climate change?

Today we are excited to announce Heirloom, a company dedicated to harnessing and accelerating carbon mineralization to help restore balance to our atmosphere. By 2035, our direct air capture technology will permanently remove billions of tons of CO2 from the atmosphere and store it safely and permanently underground.

CO2 turning to white stone in carbonate pools

We are optimistic that, together with the growing climate community of activists, advocates, policy-makers, entrepreneurs, and global citizens, we can help curb climate change and shape a world that’s more resilient, equitable, and prosperous for everyone.

The case for carbon dioxide removal

Over the last several years it has become clear that decarbonization is a necessary but insufficient ingredient to keep global temperature rise below 1.5 °C. Decades of inaction have resulted in there no longer being a credible path to prevent runaway climate change without removing a large chunk of the trillion tons of CO2 from the atmosphere. It’s not an either-or; we need to stop generating new emissions and remove those already in the atmosphere.

We need both decarbonization and carbon removal to meet our climate targets (adapted from IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5ºC)

The market has responded, and the demand for high-quality carbon removal is growing rapidly. Voluntary buyers are already purchasing carbon credits to offset their emissions to the tune of billions of dollars per year. Compliance markets like California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard and the European Union’s Emissions Trading Scheme provide blueprints for the $100B+ carbon markets to come. The trend is overwhelming — globally, an increasing percentage of emissions are subject to regulation, at higher prices, year after year. If humankind is going to remove tens of gigatons of carbon each year, the industry will be one of the largest in history. The companies that can do it profitably will be some of the biggest we have ever known.

Unfortunately, existing carbon dioxide removal solutions, and direct air capture, in particular, are too expensive to scale. Today, the words “direct air capture” conjures visions of kilometer-long walls of industrial-grade fans, drawing enormous quantities of energy, and forcing air through highly-engineered sorbents. At Heirloom, we’re building a system that significantly simplifies this vision.

Anton Alferness

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Apr 29, 2021, 1:20:44 AM4/29/21
to Geoeng Info, CarbonDioxideRemoval@googlegroups.com <CarbonDioxideRemoval@googlegroups.com>
I'd like to know what other DAC / mineralization experts on the list think of Heirloom. I'm a big fan of their proposition and think they have a great opportunity to do good. DAC as is, has a long iterative path in front of it, and Heirloom appears to be a next level DAC approach. 

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-Anton Alferness
Director of Strategic Initiatives - Aquavetic Labs

Peter Flynn

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Apr 29, 2021, 2:00:30 AM4/29/21
to Anton Alferness, Geoeng Info, CarbonDioxideRemoval@googlegroups.com <CarbonDioxideRemoval@googlegroups.com>

I don’t call myself a DAC expert, but I will offer some comments.

 

The test for competition between DAC technologies will ultimately be $/ton. This will be affected by the capture technology and the storage or usage process that follows capture.

 

When I read this announcement, I have some resentment of its marketing bumpf:

 

Unfortunately, existing carbon dioxide removal solutions, and direct air capture, in particular, are too expensive to scale.

 

Heirloom does not have data to support this, nor do they present, in this announcement, their own cost figures.

 

Next:

 

Today, the words “direct air capture” conjures visions of kilometer-long walls of industrial-grade fans, drawing enormous quantities of energy, and forcing air through highly-engineered sorbents.

 

Please spare me this type of language. Visions of kilometer-long walls….ooooh…..but wait, I drive past refineries, power plants, and water treatment plants today, and soon past (gasp) kilometer-long rows of wind turbines or solar panels. Not to mention (gasp) even longer lines of power transmission towers. This kind of heuristic claim is no substitute for the tough work of demonstration and hard analysis of cost and impact.

 

Do I hope mineralization is cheap and effective? Of course. But trying to push to the head of the pack based on emotive arguments is inappropriate. Try this instead: do the work, report the results.

 

Peter

 

Peter Flynn, P. Eng., Ph. D.

Emeritus Professor and Poole Chair in Management for Engineers

Department of Mechanical Engineering

University of Alberta

Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

1 928 451 4455

peter...@ualberta.ca

Pol Knops

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Apr 29, 2021, 6:08:39 AM4/29/21
to Carbon Dioxide Removal
Hello all,

As first I was quite amazed and puzzled by this news (I think as most people which are longer in this field).
My surprise was given that I didn't know them, the proclaimed price, for sure the scale. 
And a bit their promotion.
On the other hand let's be positive;
- yes there is a market for CO2 removal
- yes more companies will become active in this

Now back to Heirloom.
As far as I see it, it's based on this article:

So mining Magnesium-Carbonate. Calcine this, collect and store the CO2.
Spread the highly reactive MgO on land.
Let it absorb CO2 and become Magnesium-Carbonate. And re-use this to calcine again.
Yes this is fast, but the calcining, and the CO2 uptake by the highly reactive MgO.
So a chemical looping with nature.
But if the proclaimed price is going to be possible is doubtful. On the other hand I welcome more developments. 

Best regards,
Pol Knops



Op donderdag 29 april 2021 om 08:00:30 UTC+2 schreef Peter Flynn:

Dan Miller

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Apr 29, 2021, 1:31:43 PM4/29/21
to Peter Flynn, Anton Alferness, Geoeng Info, CarbonDioxideRemoval@googlegroups.com <CarbonDioxideRemoval@googlegroups.com>
They claim in their paper $46~159/ton-CO2 so, if it works, it’s in line with “regular” DAC which is $200~400/ton now (single-digit quantity prototypes) but will be $150/ton in a few years and I expect can get down to $50/ton at gigaton scale.

I’ve spoken to the folks from Project Vesta (using crushed olivine) which does something similar to Heirloom and they claimed the cost could be as low as $5/ton, but even if it was 5~10X that, it would still be a viable candidate if it worked.

Dan

Greg Rau

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Apr 29, 2021, 2:49:59 PM4/29/21
to Peter Flynn, Anton Alferness, Geoeng Info, CarbonDioxideRemoval@googlegroups.com <CarbonDioxideRemoval@googlegroups.com>
How about making Mg((CO3)2aq and (nearly) doubling the CDR per mol Mg and avoiding having to expensively harvest and recalcine MgCO3? But then you'd need a once-through supply MgCO3.  Much more likely/more capacity with more abundant CaCO3 (limestone).
CaCO3 + solar thermal heat ---> CaO + CO2
CO2(from above) + more CaCO3 + H2O --->spontaneous---> Ca^2+ 2HCO3^- (ocean alkalinity, probably only net 50% CO2 captured).
Meanwhile
CaO + H2O + 2CO2(air) --->spontaneous---> Ca^2+ 2HCO3^- (more ocean alkalinity)
Hence, maybe net 1.5 mols of air CO2 removed per mol of CaCO3, vs 1 mol of air CO2 per mol of MgCO3, plus no reharvesting/calcining of MgCO3 and no production and storage of conc CO2 in the CaCO3 case.
Heirbrained?
Greg 




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Greg H. Rau, Ph.D.
Senior Research Scientist
Institute of Marine Sciences
Univer. California, Santa Cruz
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Greg_Rau
Co-founder and manager, the Carbon Dioxide Removal Google group
Co-founder and CTO, Planetary Hydrogen, Inc.
510 582 5578

Albert Bates

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Apr 29, 2021, 4:39:39 PM4/29/21
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It seems to me what Greg is describing is lime plaster, which was pretty standard all over Europe and UK for centuries. My own experiments with lime renders mixed with fresh oak sawdust demonstrated how quickly it sets and becomes as hard as rock. The same thing happens as a sawdust-free plaster or limewash paint (Tom Sawyer) only the lime draws the C from ambient air (and rain or dew) so is much slower.

Among the benefits of the lime process is that you are cascading products and services to pay production cost and turn a profit. For instance, getting Heirloom or DAC down to $150/200 ton puts it in line with biochar production now, but biochar has multiple cascade possibilities in electricity, agriculture, building materials, water filtration, animal probiotics, electronics, and consumer goods. As I understand it, Heirloom proposes to mine Magnesium-Carbonate (using mechanical energy), calcine it (using thermal energy), collect and store the CO2 (using amide scrubbers that require more energy to clean and recycle (?) and then needing condensation/transportation energy to store), spread the highly reactive MgO on land (using transportation and mechanical energy), let it absorb CO2 and become Magnesium-Carbonate again (passive), then rinse and repeat (using energy to pick up and transport back).

Tough to imagine this being cost-competitive with any process that co-generates carbon commodities at a profit, and with all the energy required it will be interesting to see how carbon negative it will be.

Albert Bates
Chief Permaculture Officer
Global Village Institute / GVIx.org
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