Sustainable scale-up of negative emissions technologies and practices: where to focus

[Greg Rau]

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/acacb3

"Most climate change mitigation scenarios restricting global warming to 1.5 oC rely heavily on Negative Emissions Technologies and Practices (NETPs). Here we updated previous literature reviews and conducted an analysis to identify the most appealing NETPs. We evaluated 36 NETPs configurations considering their technical maturity, economic feasibility, greenhouse gas removal potential, resource use, and environmental impacts. We found multiple trade-offs among these indicators, which suggests that a regionalised portfolio of NETPs exploiting their complementary strengths is the way forward. Although no single NETP is superior to the others in terms of all the indicators simultaneously, we identified 16 Pareto-efficient NETPs. Among them, six are deemed particularly promising: forestation, Soil Carbon Sequestration (SCS), enhanced weathering with olivine and three modalities of Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage (DACCS). While the co-benefits, lower costs and higher maturity levels of forestation and SCS can propel their rapid deployment, these NETPs require continuous monitoring to reduce unintended side-effects – most notably the release of the stored carbon. Enhanced weathering also shows an overall good performance and substantial co-benefits, but its risks – especially those concerning human health – should be further investigated prior to deployment. DACCS presents significantly fewer side-effects, mainly its substantial energy demand; early investments in this NETP could reduce costs and accelerate its scale-up. Our insights can help guide future research and plan for the sustainable scale-up of NETPs, which we must set into motion within this decade."

[Michael Hayes]

Wood Vaulting is mentioned.

Speaking as a former Bering Sea longline firstmate, contained offshore mCDR biotic cultivation operations, on a vast scale, would be a highly dynamic biomass vault useful at all time intervals. Speaking as a private forester, taking a gigaton of forest floor fuel and converting it into H2 fuel as well as Biochar and/or long-term raw chip storage, such as in Wood Vaulting, is likely not overly theoretical at the STEM level.

Transportation is the common denominator between Wood Vaulting and Biochar, marine or terrestrial biomass handling and transport, even DAC to well operations and Blue Carbon needs etc. Transportation is as important as civil societial needs, internation policy needs, and most market needs. The use of Forest H2 for energy and raw lifting force will likely collect a lot of search inquiries.

An H2 Aviation Fact:

Low O2 altitudes can be safely used for a somewhat simplistic H2 fuel, bulk lifting means, and an H2 transport and storage global standard. When humans go high enough to worry about O2, basic combustion of fuels, most any fuels, starts to become hard. That H2 safe altitude H2 and raw lifting power can be made available to every human rather quickly...powered by forest floor fuel derived H2 and marine biotics H2. 

On Tue, Jan 10, 2023, 10:09 AM 'Greg Rau' via Carbon Dioxide Removal <CarbonDiox...@googlegroups.com> wrote:

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/acacb3

"Most climate change mitigation scenarios restricting global warming to 1.5 oC rely heavily on Negative Emissions Technologies and Practices (NETPs). Here we updated previous literature reviews and conducted an analysis to identify the most appealing NETPs. We evaluated 36 NETPs configurations considering their technical maturity, economic feasibility, greenhouse gas removal potential, resource use, and environmental impacts. We found multiple trade-offs among these indicators, which suggests that a regionalised portfolio of NETPs exploiting their complementary strengths is the way forward. Although no single NETP is superior to the others in terms of all the indicators simultaneously, we identified 16 Pareto-efficient NETPs. Among them, six are deemed particularly promising: forestation, Soil Carbon Sequestration (SCS), enhanced weathering with olivine and three modalities of Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage (DACCS). While the co-benefits, lower costs and higher maturity levels of forestation and SCS can propel their rapid deployment, these NETPs require continuous monitoring to reduce unintended side-effects – most notably the release of the stored carbon. Enhanced weathering also shows an overall good performance and substantial co-benefits, but its risks – especially those concerning human health – should be further investigated prior to deployment. DACCS presents significantly fewer side-effects, mainly its substantial energy demand; early investments in this NETP could reduce costs and accelerate its scale-up. Our insights can help guide future research and plan for the sustainable scale-up of NETPs, which we must set into motion within this decade."

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