Regular Canvas and Canvas Cloud both run the same software, so have the same scaling properties.
https://github.com/instructure/canvas-lms/wiki/FAQ shows the differences between the two. The multi-tenancy extensions _do_ allow for using multiple databases, but not for a single customer, so isn't a reason that Canvas Cloud could scale more than regular Canvas.
As far as exact numbers of servers, that is highly dependent on many factors. Most important being the profile of the users - we've learned that K12 users tend to use less server resources than higher ed, and even within higher ed the range can be substantial. Of course there are other factors, such as tuning caching, how much RAM/CPU the server has etc.
Really, in terms of scaling and reliability, the advantage of Canvas Cloud is the proven infrastructure and track record Instructure has established by running it for several years already.
Cody Cutrer
Software Engineer
Instructure