Respectfully, your thinking on this is not going to work because the total points available in the quiz is what determines how it is going to be scored.
For instance if I have a 2-question quiz with 1 question worth -0.25 points and the other worth 1 point, that means that there is a total of 0.75 points in the quiz to be earned.
If a student takes the quiz and gets the question worth -0.25 points wrong, and the question worth 1 point correct, the total score is 1 out of 0.75 points possible which means that the student is earning EXTRA credit. It would have the exact opposite effect of what you're trying to achieve.
On the other hand if a question is worth positive points and it is marked as incorrect then the student is penalized the amount of points attached to the question for not answering it correctly. This is always how the scoring system in Canvas Quizzes has worked. So if I were you I would abandon the negative point idea.