Hi Zeno,
Welcome to Cantera! A few notes from that output (thank you for including the text and not a screenshot, because I can copy-paste!)...
1. The system pip is quite out-of-date, and this is the one that gets installed into the venv (thank you for using a venv!). Although not mentioned on the instructions, I'd suggest updating pip in the venv:
zeno@debian:~$ python3 -m venv ct-env && source ct-env/bin/activate
>>>>>>> python3 -m pip install -U pip <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
(ct-env) zeno@debian:~$ python3 -m pip install cantera
2. The error message is shown in the output:
ValueError: Could not find Boost headers. Please set an environment variable called BOOST_INCLUDE that contains the path to the Boost headers.
You need to install Boost. You can do this a few ways, the easiest (although consuming the most disk space) is to install from apt:
sudo apt install libboost-all-dev
That should work, but if it doesn't, export an environment variable called BOOST_INCLUDE that points to the location of the headers:
BOOST_INCLUDE=/usr/include/boost python3 -m pip install cantera
Hope that helps!
Bryan