Spencer Competency

[Ezekiel Tulagan]

LyleM. Spencer PhD. is President, Spencer Research & Technology, co-founder of Competency International, Cybertroncis Research Fellow, Director, Human Resource Technologies, author and independent consultant on competency development, reengineering human resources, and HR return on investment analysis.

As HayGroup Vice President, Research & Technology, and President and CEO of McBer & Company, Dr. Spencer developed Hay's worldwide Hay McBer practice, training four hundred consultants in Hay offices in twenty-four countries. In twenty-five years with McBer, Dr. Spencer conducted organizational diagnosis, training, and development programs for such clients as AT&T, Abbott Laboratories, DEC, Fannie Mae, General Electric, General Motors, GTE, Honeywell, Hospital Corporation of America, IBM, Merck Pharmaceutical, MCI, Nortel, Mobil, Nihon Schering and Saudi Aramco.

Dr. Spencer has managed major leadership- and organizational-development contracts with the U.S. Army and Navy. For U.S. A.I.D. and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, he managed economic development programs in Latin America, Africa, and Asia, identifying entrepreneurs and training academic, government, banking, and business people in achievement motivation techniques for stimulating national entrepreneurial activity.

Dr. Spencer developed Hay McBer's competency assessment methodology with Harvard Prof. David McClelland, and methods for calculating the costs and benefits of human resource programs. He has published books, software, and numerous articles on these topics, and trained more than a thousand HR professionals in competency and cost-benefit methods. His current research concerns reengineering human resources and the development of expert system Integrated Human Resources Management. Information Systems (IHRMIS). using multi-media, interactive voice response, and voice recognition technologies. He has taught at the business schools of the University of Chicago and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

Spencer, L.M. (2001) The economic value of emotional intelligence competencies and EIC-based HR programs. In C. Cherniss & D. Goleman (Eds.), The Emotionally Intelligent Workplace: How to Select for, Measure, and Improve Emotional Intelligence in Individuals, Groups, and Organizations. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

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Peripheral intravenous catheters are frequently used devices in emergency departments. Many patients now present with difficult anatomy and are labeled as difficult intravenous access patients. A common technology to address this challenge is ultrasound. While studies have examined the ability to train emergency staff, few have addressed how this should be done and the outcomes associated with such training. No studies were found with dedicated vascular access specialist teams in emergency departments. An emergency department vascular access specialist team was formed at a hospital in Bangor, Maine, United States to train, validate, and proctor clinicians with ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous devices. A quality review of this process was compiled and determined that appropriate clinicians with dedicated training and guidance can achieve higher levels of procedural success. Furthermore, evidence substantiates that frequent practice is linked to a higher quality of care and that a significant need for such teams is present. This review examines how a team was implemented and its impact both department- and facility-wide. It is possible that hospitals benefit from the services of vascular access specialists to provide higher quality care. Successful implementation of such specialist teams requires foundational knowledge and skills in vascular access with ongoing quality measures to ensure competency and compliance with evidence-based practices.

Dr. Spencer graduated from the University of Massachusetts Medical School and then went on to complete a residency in diagnostic radiology at Massachusetts General Hospital. Following residency, Dr. Spencer completed a nuclear medicine fellowship at Rhode Island Hospital. She has a certificate of special competency in nuclear medicine. Dr. Spencer's special interests are women's imaging. She is Chief of Radiology at Women and Infants Hospital, and a Clinical Associate Professor at The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University. She is a Fellow of the American College of Radiology.

In the United States, the path from having a medical condition to receiving medical care for that condition is a multistep process involving multiple stakeholders and professionals. In particular, for the vast majority of the age under-65 population in the United States, patients will need to interact with both a physician and a commercial health insurer. The role of the physician has always been central in determining the care that a patient will receive. What is less clear, however, is how variation in competency among physicians is related to the care that patients receive, and from whom patients receive it. Conversely, in the last few decades the role of health insurers has shifted from one of primarily being aggregators of risk and ex-post indemnifiers to having a more direct impact on medical care through utilization management policies.

In Chapter 3, I, again with Kenji Yamazaki, Sean Hogan, Eric Holmboe, J. Michael McWilliams, and Michael Chernew, examine the relationship between comparative advantage and fellowship choice in Orthopedic Surgery. By using the uniquely specific ACGME Milestones for Orthopedic Surgery, we show that comparative advantage in the final two years of residency consistently predicts sub-specialty choice, with suggestive evidence as early as the middle of the third year. We discuss multiple interpretations of this result, and the potential implications for policy makers.

Increasing attention is being directed to the competency of those who deliver healthcare in the United States. In behavioral health, there is growing recognition of the need to define, teach, and assess essential competencies. Since attention to this issue in behavioral health is relatively recent, there is much to be gained by learning from the principles, definitions, and conceptual models of competency that have been developed in other fields. This article outlines the forces that drive the current focus on competency of the healthcare workforce. Relevant history, principles, definitions, and models that have evolved through research and application in business and industry are reviewed. From this analysis, recommendations are offered to guide future work on competencies in behavioral health.

At Chicago Sports & Chiropractic Medicine, we recognize that your choice of a physician in the Chicagoland area is driven both by their competency and personality. When searching for a healthcare provider, you need a physician who is experienced, understanding and supportive. You get this caring attitude from all the staff at Chicago Sports & Chiropractic Medicine every day. Our staff works together as a team to ensure we are responsive to your needs and keep you informed about your health issues. We look forward to getting to know you.

Occupational therapy fieldwork helps students refine their professional and technical skills to achieve competency required of entry-level occupational therapists. While fieldwork is traditionally completed in an in-person setting, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in some students completing fieldwork in a virtual format. Yet, minimal research has explored perceptions of skill development among students who complete virtual fieldwork placements. This qualitative descriptive study examined the perceptions of skill development among graduate-level occupational therapy students and graduates who participated in a virtual fieldwork placement during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eight participants from 3 different states completed semi-structured interviews of no longer than 60 minutes duration via Microsoft Teams. Verbatim interview transcriptions were analyzed by the researchers using a constant-comparative data analysis approach. Four key themes emerged: participants initially experienced uncertainty and had concerns regarding the development of their professional and technical skills; professional and technical skills improved during virtual fieldwork but skill development was perceived to be more difficult to accomplish; communication, peer support, online resources, and utilization of their fieldwork educator were primary strategies for facilitating skills development during virtual fieldwork; and virtual fieldwork provides valuable lessons that are applicable to future practice, but students did not recommend it for other occupational therapy students. The results of this study suggest that while virtual fieldwork placements may be valuable in some situations, educators must carefully consider the benefits and drawbacks before placing students in virtual fieldwork placements in the future and ensure that proper support is provided before and during the placement.

Spencer Morris, MS, OTR/L is a graduate of Saginaw Valley State University's Occupational Therapy program. Spencer received his Bachelor of Science in Rehabilitation Medicine in 2021 and his Master of Science in Occupational Therapy in December of 2022. Spencer currently works at Life After Incarceration: Transition & Reentry with justice-involved individuals.

Ellen Herlache-Pretzer, Ed.D., MA, OTRL, CPDT-KA is a Professor in the Master of Science in Occupational Therapy Program at Saginaw Valley State University. She has 20 years experience in settings including acute care inpatient, outpatient, and community-based practice; low vision rehabilitation; assistance dog evaluation, training, and placement; and animal-assisted interventions.

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