Hi Jan,
Which context path is returned? Therefore please login into tasklist and execute the following request in the browser:
GET http://<host>:<port>/camunda/api/engine/engine/default/task/<task-id>/form
or in case of a start form
GET http://<host>:<port>/camunda/api/engine/engine/default/process-definition/<proces-definition-id>/startForm
Could you please provide us with the complete error message?
Have you already tried to open your browser in incognito mode?
Cheers,
Roman