Hello,
yes, you can extract any metadata tag using the argument additionalMetadataTags in recordTable. To identify which tags you need run the function exifTagNames(), or check in digiKam (in the exiftool data viewer).
For the moon phases, they are universal all over the world. Even though the moon may appear flipped or tilted, the moon phase is the same regardless of where the observer is located.
If you require more detailed information about moon phases or other aspects for analyses, you can use the suncalc package on CRAN
(e.g. moon position, moonrise / moonset time).
Best regards,
J