You can pass a Plane object to a Workplane (capital W) and specify the "origin" and "normal".
cq.Workplane(cq.Plane(origin=(0,0,0), xDir=(1,0,0), normal=(0,0,1)))
Unfortunately, workplane (lower case w) doesn't accept the "normal" argument. This gets you close, but is still clunky.
import cadquery as cq
result = (cq.Workplane().box(10, 10, 10)
.faces(">Z").edges(">Y").vertices(">X").first()
.workplane(offset=-2.0).transformed(rotate=(-45, 45, 0)).rect(10, 10).cutBlind(5))
If you plan to use this feature a lot, you could encapsulate the logic in a plugin.