Holy smokes! I didn't even realize that the mentioned OpenSCAD construct existed!
I don't have an answer for you as far as best practices in CadQuery. Only a very naive approach comes to mind which I have not tried yet, which is to use cut() with a box which is infinitesimally thin, but spans two dimensions with a very big length. Once you cut(), then of course you''ll be left with a paper-thin cross section of your model.
I am just doing a best guess, and I have to admit that I have not yet solved this problem myself; I have only thought about it.
I am guessing that you may be interested in programmatically generating a PNG image or an SVG outline of your cutaway?
In that case, I'll state that I'm working on these aspects, and the E.T.A. is about two weeks. SVG generation code already exists and is working decently by the way; it's part of the exporters.