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Re: California prepares to transform sewage into pure drinking water under new rules
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California Regressions
Dec 20, 2023, 6:40:03 PM12/20/23
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In article <ulns3t$34j42$6...@dont-email.me>
> California? Let them drink AIDS infected shit and piss water.
They deserve it.
California is set to adopt regulations that will allow for sewage to
be extensively treated, transformed into pure drinking water and
delivered directly to people’s taps.
The regulations are expected to be approved Tuesday by the State
Water Resources Control Board, enabling water suppliers to begin
building advanced treatment plants that will turn wastewater into a
source of clean drinking water.
The new rules represent a major milestone in California’s efforts to
stretch supplies by recycling more of the water that flows down
drains.
“We’re creating a new source of supply that we were previously
discharging or thinking of as waste,” said Heather Cooley, director
of research at the Pacific Institute, a water think tank in Oakland.
“As we look to make our communities more resilient to drought, to
climate change, this is really going to be an important part of that
solution.”
Water agencies in many areas of California have been treating and
reusing wastewater for decades, often piping effluent for outdoor
irrigation or to facilities where treated water soaks into the
ground to replenish aquifers.
The regulations will enable what’s known as “direct potable reuse,”
putting highly treated water straight into the drinking-water system
or mixing it with other supplies.
Cooley and other water experts say it’s inaccurate to call this
“toilet to tap,” a term that was popularized in the 1990s by
opponents of plans to use recycled water for replenishing
groundwater in the San Gabriel Valley. They say the sewage undergoes
an extremely sophisticated treatment process, and scientific
research has shown that the highly purified water is safe to drink.
“This is really about recovering resources, not wasting precious
resources,” Cooley said. “This is really, I think, an exciting
opportunity for helping to realize that vision of a more circular
sort of approach for water.”
The process of developing the regulations, which was required under
legislation, has taken state regulators more than a decade. It
included a review by a panel of experts.
“We wanted to absolutely make sure that we put public health first
priority, so that the public had confidence,” said Darrin Polhemus,
deputy director of the State Water Board’s Division of Drinking
Water.
“We have a very thorough set of regulations,” Polhemus said. “It has
broad support, and we think we’ve gotten it to a point where
everybody is comfortable with what it presents.”
Building plants to purify wastewater is expensive, and it’s likely
to be years before any Californians are drinking the treated water.
But Los Angeles, San Diego and the Metropolitan Water District of
Southern California are all planning to pursue direct potable reuse
as part of ongoing investments in recycling more wastewater.
The regulations detail requirements for infrastructure, treatment
technologies and monitoring, Polhemus said, and ensure “triple
redundancy for each of the areas we’re treating for,” including
bacteria and viruses, as well as chemicals.
The water will go through various stages of treatment, passing
through activated carbon filters and reverse-osmosis membranes, as
well as undergoing disinfection with UV light, among other
treatments.
The regulations require such thorough purification that at the end
of the process, minerals will need to be added back to achieve a
taste and chemistry resembling typical drinking water.
https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2023-12-17/california-
sewage-potable-reuse
> California? Let them drink AIDS infected shit and piss water.
They deserve it.
California is set to adopt regulations that will allow for sewage to
be extensively treated, transformed into pure drinking water and
delivered directly to people’s taps.
The regulations are expected to be approved Tuesday by the State
Water Resources Control Board, enabling water suppliers to begin
building advanced treatment plants that will turn wastewater into a
source of clean drinking water.
The new rules represent a major milestone in California’s efforts to
stretch supplies by recycling more of the water that flows down
drains.
“We’re creating a new source of supply that we were previously
discharging or thinking of as waste,” said Heather Cooley, director
of research at the Pacific Institute, a water think tank in Oakland.
“As we look to make our communities more resilient to drought, to
climate change, this is really going to be an important part of that
solution.”
Water agencies in many areas of California have been treating and
reusing wastewater for decades, often piping effluent for outdoor
irrigation or to facilities where treated water soaks into the
ground to replenish aquifers.
The regulations will enable what’s known as “direct potable reuse,”
putting highly treated water straight into the drinking-water system
or mixing it with other supplies.
Cooley and other water experts say it’s inaccurate to call this
“toilet to tap,” a term that was popularized in the 1990s by
opponents of plans to use recycled water for replenishing
groundwater in the San Gabriel Valley. They say the sewage undergoes
an extremely sophisticated treatment process, and scientific
research has shown that the highly purified water is safe to drink.
“This is really about recovering resources, not wasting precious
resources,” Cooley said. “This is really, I think, an exciting
opportunity for helping to realize that vision of a more circular
sort of approach for water.”
The process of developing the regulations, which was required under
legislation, has taken state regulators more than a decade. It
included a review by a panel of experts.
“We wanted to absolutely make sure that we put public health first
priority, so that the public had confidence,” said Darrin Polhemus,
deputy director of the State Water Board’s Division of Drinking
Water.
“We have a very thorough set of regulations,” Polhemus said. “It has
broad support, and we think we’ve gotten it to a point where
everybody is comfortable with what it presents.”
Building plants to purify wastewater is expensive, and it’s likely
to be years before any Californians are drinking the treated water.
But Los Angeles, San Diego and the Metropolitan Water District of
Southern California are all planning to pursue direct potable reuse
as part of ongoing investments in recycling more wastewater.
The regulations detail requirements for infrastructure, treatment
technologies and monitoring, Polhemus said, and ensure “triple
redundancy for each of the areas we’re treating for,” including
bacteria and viruses, as well as chemicals.
The water will go through various stages of treatment, passing
through activated carbon filters and reverse-osmosis membranes, as
well as undergoing disinfection with UV light, among other
treatments.
The regulations require such thorough purification that at the end
of the process, minerals will need to be added back to achieve a
taste and chemistry resembling typical drinking water.
https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2023-12-17/california-
sewage-potable-reuse
Jane Carter
Dec 20, 2023, 9:21:19 PM12/20/23
to
Fast Facts on the Two-Decade Red State Murder Problem
In March of 2022, we released a report that found murder rates in 2020
were 40% higher in Trump-voting states than Biden-voting states. In our
follow-up report, we studied homicide data going back to 2000 to see if
this one-year Red State murder epidemic was an anomaly. It was not.
Despite a media narrative to the contrary, a wide and widening Red State
murder gap has spanned the past two decades.
This fact sheet highlights some of the most illuminating takeaways from
our analysis.
The Two-Decade Red State Murder Problem
The murder rate in the 25 states that voted for Donald Trump has exceeded
the murder rate in the 25 states that voted for Joe Biden in every year
from 2000 to 2020. For the past 21 years, the top 10 murder rate states
have been dominated by reliably red states, namely Louisiana, Mississippi,
Alabama, and Missouri. From 2000-2020, the per capita Red State murder
rate was 23% higher than the Blue State murder rate. If Biden states had
the same murder rate as Trump states, they would have seen 5,000 more
murders in 2020 alone. Between 2000 and 2020, they would have suffered an
additional 45,400 murders. Between 2000 and 2020, the Red State murder gap
has steadily widened from a low of 9% more per capita red state murders in
2003 and 2004 to 44% more per capita red state murders in 2019, before
settling back to 43% in 2020. Since 2000, murder rates have increased
39.4% in red states and just 13.4% in blue states. Even when murders in
the largest cities in red states are removed, overall murder rates in
Trump-voting states were 12% higher than Biden-voting states across this
21-year period and were higher in 18 of the 21 years observed. Source:
Author’s calculations based on CDC data
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