Query on Buddha Carita of Ashva gosha

[Jayaraman M]

Namaste

I request the esteemed members to point me to a standard version of Buddha carita with twenty eight sargas.

Also, I would like to know  whether the text

a) has any Samskrita  commentaries

b) has any direct indian regional language translation - especially Tamil

Further,

c) are there any e-repositories that might have reliable editions of Buddha carita

I am also searching the web for the above information.

I would be grateful If scholars could lead me to useful links regarding the above.

regards

Dr.M.Jayaraman

Director, Research Department, Krishnamacharya Yoga Mandiram

Member, Expert panel for Yoga, TKDL-CSIR, Govt of India 

Member, BoS, Dept of Sanskrit, University of Madras & RKM Vivekananda College, Chennai

http://alarka-bhasitam.blogspot.in/
https://independent.academia.edu/jayaramanMahadevan

http://yoga-literary-research.blogspot.in/2015/10/the-books.html

[shankara]

Jayaraman ji,

Sanskrit text of Buddhacharita beyond 13th chapter are available only in fragments. As per NCC enty on Buddhacharita, Asvaghosha wrote only 17 chapters, 4 sargas were added by Amritananda. EB Cowell's editon contains 17 chapters, while most other editions of Sanskrit text contain only 14 chapters.

https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.476455/page/n3/mode/2up

English translations of later chapters are based on Chinese and Tibetan translations which contain 28 chapters. Pt. Bhavnath Jha has restored the remaining chapters into Sanskrit and this was published by Mahavir Mandir Prakashan.

http://mahavirmandirpatna.org/mahavir-mandir-prakashan.html

Surya Narayan Chaudhuri has translated all 28 sargas into Hindi, based on English translation. Part 1 is available at archive.org.

A Sanskrit commentary by Appasastri Rasiwadekar on first 5 sargas is available online.

https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.540935/page/n3/mode/1up

regards
shankara

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[Roland Steiner]

Some information on the transmission and the editions of the
Buddhacarita can be found on pages 91-92 of the attached article.

With best regards,
Roland Steiner

[David and Nancy Reigle]

Dear Dr. Jayaraman,

Supplementing the good information already supplied by Shankara ji and Dr. Steiner, and with specific reference to the question of a standard version of the Buddhacarita, the standard version is certainly the 1935 Sanskrit edition by E. H. Johnston of most of sargas 1-14, and his 1937 English translation of sargas 15-28 from the Tibetan and Chinese translations. The preceding 1893 Sanskrit edition by E. B. Cowell, as said in Claus Vogel's note cited in Dr. Steiner's paper, was based on three manuscript copies of a revised and augmented transcript of an original palm-leaf manuscript. The original palm-leaf manuscript (or a rotograph of it) became available to E. H. Johnston. From this, he could correct the many errors in the earlier edition, and remove the later additions made to it. Johnston also made full use of the Tibetan and Chinese translations in establishing the Sanskrit text. Thus, in the absence of the availability of any more manuscripts, his has been the standard edition ever since, even though it is incomplete.

The original was certainly in twenty-eight sargas, as Johnston's study and translation of the Tibetan and Chinese translations of sargas 15-28 showed. He also translated sargas 1-14 complete, translating the missing verses 1-7 and 25-40 of sarga 1 from the Tibetan and Chinese translations. All three of Johnston's volumes, one Sanskrit and two English, were reprinted in one volume by Motilal Banarsidass in 1984. They had previously reprinted only volumes 1 and 2 in one volume in 1972.

The latter part of sarga 14 and sargas 15-17 in Cowell's 1893 edition were written by the Nepalese pandit Amṛtānanda, who transcribed the original palm-leaf manuscript in 1830. He added these because the original palm-leaf manuscript available to him was incomplete. Thus this material is not part of the original text. The first 24 verses of sarga 1 in Cowell's edition are also later additions, and thus are not in Johnston's edition. The 1911 edition of sargas 1-5 that Shankara ji gave a link to is based on Cowell's edition, according to Johnston.

Best regards,

David Reigle

Colorado, U.S.A.

[Roland Steiner]

> The latter part of sarga 14 and sargas 15-17 in Cowell's 1893 edition were
> written by the Nepalese pandit Amṛtānanda, who transcribed the original
> palm-leaf manuscript in 1830. He added these because the original palm-leaf
> manuscript available to him was incomplete. Thus this material is not part
> of the original text. The first 24 verses of sarga 1 in Cowell's edition
> are also later additions, and thus are not in Johnston's edition.

Perhaps I may add a few more details to this important note by David Reigle. The following verses in the text of Cowell's Buddhacarita, which are missing in Johnston's manuscript A, do not belong to the original text of the Buddhacarita:

1.1-24, 26-28, 44-45
13.73
14.33-91
chapters 15-17 (all verses)

Not all of these additions of the Nepalese pandit Amṛtānanda are his own creations. The Japanese scholar Kiyoshi Okano could prove that the entire additional part of chapter 1 was borrowed from the Mahāsaṃvartanīkathā (a Sanskrit kāvya about the cosmology of the Sāṃmitīya school by the Buddhist mahāmahopādhyāya and mahākavi Sarvarakṣita who lived in eastern India in the 12th century).

A new critical edition of chapter 1, in which the Sanskrit gaps are filled with the Tibetan translation, can be found at the end of the paper I attached to my last e-mail which can also be downloaded here:

https://www.academia.edu/8222778/Truth_Under_the_Guise_of_Poetry._A%C5%9Bvagho%E1%B9%A3as_Life_of_the_Buddha_2010_

[Jayaraman]

Namaste

I am immensely grateful to Shankara ji, Mr Roland Steiner, Mr David and Nancy Reigle for the fund of information shared with me.

regards

Jayaraman

[Mohana Rao]

My friend koMpella bhAskar has translated buddhacharitam into Telugu. My review on that and other details may be perused here - 

https://eemaata.com/em/issues/201811/17799.html

J K  Mohana  Rao

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[David and Nancy Reigle]

The original Sanskrit text of sarga 15 of the Buddha-carita has been found and has just been published, edited by Kazunobu Matsuda and accompanied by his Japanese translation:

https://www.academia.edu/42314818/Sanskrit_Text_and_Japanese_Translation_of_A%C5%9Bvagho%E1%B9%A3as_Buddhacarita_Canto_15_Dharmacakrapravartana_%E3%83%96%E3%83%83%E3%83%80%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%BF%E7%AC%AC15%E7%AB%A0_%E5%88%9D%E8%BB%A2%E6%B3%95%E8%BC%AA_%E6%A2%B5%E6%96%87%E3%83%86%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%81%A8%E5%92%8C%E8%A8%B3_?email_work_card=thumbnail-desktop

He added on the Academia.edu page:

"This is NOT Sanskrit restoration. Real one! Based on Sanskrit manuscript!"

I cannot read Japanese, so I do not know anything about the Sanskrit manuscript that he found it in.

Best regards,

David Reigle

Colorado, U.S.A.

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[Madhav Deshpande]

This is an amazing discovery.  Thanks for sharing.

Madhav M. Deshpande

Professor Emeritus, Sanskrit and Linguistics

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

Senior Fellow, Oxford Center for Hindu Studies

[Residence: Campbell, California, USA]

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[Roland Steiner]

Dear David,

Matsuda and Hartmann have discovered that the Tridaṇḍamālā (a work
ascribed to Aśvaghoṣa) contains the Sanskrit text of the hitherto lost
15th sarga of the Buddhacarita. A great find!

With kind regards,
Roland