Original Sanskrit form of tatsama words
Radhakrishna Warrier
I think Sanskrit words entered modern regional languages of India in three ways.
1. 1. Evolution: The words of the source language of Sanskrit/Prakrit evolved and became the words of the modern language. Example Hindi hāth (हाथ) meaning hand, evolved from the source language word hasta (हस्त). This is applicable for Indo-Aryan languages like Panjabi, Hindi, Gujarati, Marathi, Bengali and Odiya. Not applicable for south Indian languages like Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu and Kannada.
2. 2. Sanskrit words were loaned into modern languages without any significant change in form. This is tatsama loan. This is applicable for both Indo-Aryan and south Indian languages. Hindi prakāś (प्रकाश), Malayalam prakāśam (പ്രകാശം), Telugu prakāśamu (ప్రకాశము), Kannada prakāśa (ಪ್ರಕಾಶ), Tamil pirakācam (பிரகாசம்) meaning light are tatsama loan words from Sanskrit.
3. 3. Sanskrit words underwent significant transformation in their forms to suit the phonetics of the languages that loaned the words. For example, the Sanskrit zodiacal name śravaṇa became ōṇam in both Malayalam and Tamil. This is tadbhava loan. In south Indian languages like Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu and Kannada, there are quite a few Sanskrit loan words that are in tadbhava form.
AltAlthough category 1, evolution, is sometimes considered tadbhava, it is better to keep category 1 and category 3 separate. Category 3 is loan while category 1 is evolution.
No
NN Now the questions. What is the original Sanskrit form of the tatsama loan words? Take Hindi gŗh (गृह), Malayalam / Telugu gŗham (ഗൃഹം గృహం) and Kannada gŗha (ಗೃಹ) meaning house. Did the original Sanskrit word have an “m” at the end of the word (gŗham गृहम्) and Hindi dropped both the m and the short a before the m? Or was the original Sanskrit word gŗha (गृह) with a short a at the end, and Malayalam added the Dravidian neuter gender suffix “m” to it while Hindi simply dropped the short a? Similarly, Bhārat – Bhāratam and Saṃskŗt - Saṃskŗtam. What was the original Sanskrit word? What was the original Sanskrit name of Kālidāsa’s famous Sanskrit work – was it śākuntalam or śākuntala (शाकुन्तलम् or शाकुन्तल)? In Malayalam it is known as Abhijñāna śākuntaḷam - അഭിജ്ഞാന ശാകുന്തളം अभिज्ञान शाकुन्तळम्.
Best regards,
Radhakrishna Warrier
kenp
Nagaraj Paturi
--
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "भारतीयविद्वत्परिषत्" group.
To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to bvparishat+...@googlegroups.com.
To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/bvparishat/DS0PR14MB642998E3D47EC96225CF30BDD0EEA%40DS0PR14MB6429.namprd14.prod.outlook.com.
Nagaraj Paturi
गृहम् gṛham [गृह्यते धर्माचरणाय, ग्रह् गेहार्थे क Tv.] 1 A house, dwelling, habitation, mansion; न गृहं गृहमित्याहुर्गृहिणी गृहमुच्यते Pt.4.81, 5.15;
-हाः (m. pl.) 1 A house, dwelling; इमे नो गृहाः Mu.1; स्फटिकोपलविग्रहा गृहाः शशभृद्भित्तनिरङ्कभित्तयः N.2.74; तत्रागारं धनपतिगृहानुत्तरेणास्मदीयम् Me.77
Nagaraj Paturi
బాల వ్యాకరణము/తత్సమ పరిచ్ఛేదము
Sivasenani Nori
To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/bvparishat/CAJGj9eaMmekmcOZ5HNSoXca-VUQfE_P18L7vkUv7bfrTQdgJog%40mail.gmail.com.
Bijoy Misra
To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/bvparishat/CAAs%2BaZN4w14RbNpi3kvfZin1DLFhwQ3W%2B%2BDucdStTY12gE1V7A%40mail.gmail.com.
S. Kalyanaraman
मो षु व॑रुण मृ॒न्मयं॑ गृ॒हं रा॑जन्न॒हं ग॑मम्। मृ॒ळा सु॑क्षत्र मृ॒ळय॑॥
Let me not yet, King Varuna, enter into the house of clay: Have mercy, spare me, Mighty Lord.RV7.89.1
ಗೃಹ gṛiha. a house, (ಶಾಲ, ಮನೆ Nn. 20; ದ್ವಿಜ, ಮನೆ 36; ಕೋಶ, ಮನೆ 52). 2, a wife. — ಗೃಹಮುಟ್ಟು the utensils of a house (ಮಾತ್ರೆ, ಮನೆಯುಪಕರಣ Nn. 157).கிருகம் kirukam , n. gṛha. House; வீடு. கிருகத்தின் மைந்தர்கண் மேவுறாமையில் (விநாயகபு. 20, 10).ଗୃହ— Gṛha 'house, habitation' انګړ an-gaṟṟ, s.m. (2nd) A building, a house containing many stories. Pl. انګړونه an-gaṟṟūnah. انګنړ or انګڼ an-gaṟṟṉ, s.m. (2nd) A court, an area, a yard, an enclosed space close to a house (Pashto)Geha (nt.) [Sk. geha=gṛha, to gṛh, gaṇhāti; cp. gaha, gihin, ghara; see also gedha2] a dwelling, hut, house; the household J i.145, 266, 290; ii.18, 103, 110, 155 vi.367; Vism 593; PvA 22, 62, 73, 82; fig. of kāya (body) Th 1, 184=Dh 154. — Appld to a cowshed at Miln 396.(Pali)To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/bvparishat/CAJGj9eb4fKKW%3DCi1vrZe-p3LQNbA%2BBMf1u0VU9B1%3D9oejSVx%3DA%40mail.gmail.com.
Narayan Prasad
Radhakrishna Warrier
Sent: Friday, September 8, 2023 12:29 AM
To: भारतीयविद्वत्परिषत् <bvpar...@googlegroups.com>
Subject: {भारतीयविद्वत्परिषत्} Re: Original Sanskrit form of tatsama words
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "भारतीयविद्वत्परिषत्" group.
To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to bvparishat+...@googlegroups.com.