Quotation from Garga Samhita

[nkswaran]

Dear list 

I am looking for the source of the hemistich पृथग् दोःकोटिवर्गाभ्यां कर्णवर्गोनुषज्यते॥ It is the statement of 'so-called' Pythagorean theorem. It is  said that  it is from  Garga Samhita 

 I want the exact and detailed reference to a reliable edition. Could any one please help me ?

Thanking you in advance,                                              nks                                                                                     Sent from my Samsung Galaxy smartphone.

[Siddharth Wakankar]

Suprabhat.

Sir,

Myself and Prof.Dr.R.N.Iyengar are working on a Critical Edition of the Gargasamhita and I have collected and given him some very rare Manuscripts of GS.You may contact him on this issue,as he is the best person to enlighten you on such points.

Best luck.

Prof. Siddharth Y Wakankar.

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[nkswaran]

Thank you sir. 

Sent from my Samsung Galaxy smartphone.

[R. N. iyengar]

Dear Sri Sundareswaran,

I have not come across the cited slokardha in the manuscripts of Vrddha-gaargiiya-jyotisha (VGJ) that  I am currently studying.I am curious to know the exact citation  prior to the slokaardha. Does Somayaaji name Garga, Vrddhagarga, Gargasamhita, Gaargya, Gaargiiya or any other variant?

Thanks to Dr.Wakankar-ji for referring to our (his and mine) past collaboration that ended sometime in 2015 after he left IIT Gandhinagar.  I like to offer the following clarifications:

There were talks of official collaboration between IITGn and CAHC-JU on a)Naradashilpam and b)Vrddhagarga-samhita. The first has reached its conclusion with due acknowledgements to IIT Gn. The second did not take off beyond acquiring two mss from RORI and one from Pune through Dr.Wakankar, courtesy Director, IIT Gn. 

However, I have collected four more mss of VJG plus several unconnected 'Garga/GArgya-samhitas' for my ongoing investigations. This work is mainly supported by Jain University and partially by ICHR, through a 2-year study project reported by the national press as important news in June 2016:

http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/ichr-nod-to-map-science-in-ancient-india-2851289/

In February 2017 I gave a talk sponsored by ICPR at IISc, (my alma mater) on the observations of Parashara and Vrddha-garga

(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L6MPPip4FwA) when two youngsters approached me and wanted to work with me on such works in Sanskrit. At present I have two enthusiastic young Sanskritists (Anand and Vinay) helping me in my study of VGJ. 

Like other texts VGJ is layered having material belonging to different periods. However, based on stars mentioned as visible in some particular seasons, we have dated these observations to 800-100 BC. There will be parts belonging to periods earlier than the above and also dates later than the above broad period is my present inference. I understand (limited secondary sources) Neelakantha-somayaji refers to Vrddha-garga and Garga. The quote ascribed to the first is available in the VGJ text (introductory chapter), but not the one you cite as attributed to Garga. Incidentally some mss ( not all) of VGJ include the YugapurANa (aka SkandapurANa) which has been separately published first by Mankad and later by Mitchener.

Thanks

RNI

On Wed, Mar 28, 2018 at 6:06 AM, nkswaran <nksw...@gmail.com> wrote:

Sir, Could you please give me the details of reference for this 'slokardha'. The quotation appears in the Aryabhateeyabhashyam of Nilakantha Somayaji. Further I would like to have your opinion on the date of  Garga Samhita. 

With pranams 

nks

Sent from my Samsung Galaxy smartphone.

-------- Original message --------

From: Siddharth Wakankar <sywak...@gmail.com>

Date: 3/28/18 5:00 AM (GMT+05:30)

To: bvpar...@googlegroups.com

Subject: Re: {भारतीयविद्वत्परिषत्} Quotation from Garga Samhita

Suprabhat.

Sir,

Myself and Prof.Dr.R.N.Iyengar are working on a Critical Edition of the Gargasamhita and I have collected and given him some very rare Manuscripts of GS.You may contact him on this issue,as he is the best person to enlighten you on such points.

Best luck.

Prof. Siddharth Y Wakankar.

On Wed 28 Mar, 2018, 12:08 AM nkswaran, <nksw...@gmail.com> wrote:

Dear list 

I am looking for the source of the hemistich पृथग् दोःकोटिवर्गाभ्यां कर्णवर्गोनुषज्यते॥ It is the statement of 'so-called' Pythagorean theorem. It is  said that  it is from  Garga Samhita 

 I want the exact and detailed reference to a reliable edition. Could any one please help me ?

Thanking you in advance,                                              nks                                                                                     Sent from my Samsung Galaxy smartphone.

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[Mandyam D Srinivas]

Dear Prof. Iyengar,

In his Bhashya on Ganitapada of Aryabhatiya, Nilakantha cites Vrddhagarga in the beginning (on p.2 of the printed text enclosed). He later cites the part of the verse cited by Prof. Sundareswaran ascribing it to Gargasamhita (p.6 of the printged text, enclosed).

Best regards

M D Srinivas

[rniyengar]

Dear Prof.Srinivas,

Thanks for posting pages from the original text. It is interesting to observe that the first citation is by name to Vrddhagarga, where as the second one is to a book called Gargasamhita. As indicated previously, the Vrddh-gaargiiya-jyotisha manuscripts contain the five lines (v. 35,36,37a)

स्वयं स्वयंभुवा ------ स्वैरुदाहृतम् 

 in the second chapter titled "angasamuddesha" with 57 verses.  The second quotation stating the theorem of the right angle triangle is not found in the mss I am having. Since the commentator Neelakantha was a "Gaargya" perhaps he had access to both the texts. It would be a great discovery if someone could unearth the Gargasamhita (Garga-siddhaanta?) with the theorem.  

best regards

RNI

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[Sundareswaran N.K]

Thank you Prof. Iyengar and Prof. Srinivas for the clarifications.

nks

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N. K. Sundareswaran,

Professor & Head, Department of Sanskrit,

University of Calicut,

Kerala - 673635

INDIA

https://universityofcalicut.academia.edu/SundareswaranNK

[rniyengar]

Dear Prof.Sundareswaran,

Have you come across Vrddha-garga-samhita (aka Vrddha-gaargiiya-Jyotisha; or other variant names) in manuscript libraries of Kerala? Please share such information whatever be the script. Your query and the clarification by Prof.MDS  has increased my curiosity about availability of  VGJ manuscripts in South India. If Neelakantha in 16th cent. CE were to quote Vrddhagarga perhaps he had access to the text attributed to Vr.Garga. Such a manuscript might have survived the ravages of time and stuck in a collection somewhere. This may be of course wishful thinking ! 

Thanks

RNI

[Mandyam D Srinivas]

Dear Profs Iyengar and Sundereswaran,,

Nilakantha has also made a couple of  references to Garga and Vrddhagarga in Bhashya on Kalakriya and Golapadas of Aryabhatiya. I am enclosing the relevant pages.

Best regards

M D Srinivas

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[Sundareswaran N.K]

There is another quotation from Gargasamhita in Nilakantha's commentary (In the Kalakriyspada;p.14 of TSS 110 - see attachment). The second half of the same verse has been quoted again in Golapada(see the second attachment given by MDS).

It is doubtful whether these  are ascribed rightly to Garga (Vrddha Garga or Gargasamhita) by tradition. For, some of the verses ascribed by Nilakantha to Garga (in the Golapada - see again the second attachment by MDS) are seen in the Brhatsamhita also. For instance the verses अविदित्वैव .... , मुहूर्ततिथिनक्षत्र .... , नगरद्वारि लोष्टस्य .....are available in Brhatsamhita (2.16, 2.9 and 2.17) 

Moreover  Nilakantha quotes a half-verse सिसृक्षुणा पुरा  सृष्टं वेदानेतत्  स्वयम्भुवा with the remark अन्यत्रापि स्मर्यते immediately following a citation from Gargasamhita in the beginning of Ganitapada. This means that he is of the opinion that this is authored/said  by somebody else. The same half-verse ( with a slightly variant reading)  is seen ascribed by himself to Garga in the golapada (see again the second attachment by MDS).

nks

[rniyengar]

Dear Prof.Sundareswaran,

I am responding to your query again after more than one year. Your question was uppermost in my mind all these days. Fortunately I could locate the verse

अर्थत्रयेण विप्रर्षे पूर्वेवत्स्याद्विसप्ततेः

पृथग्दोःकोटिवर्गाभ्यां कर्णवर्गोनुषज्यते

This is the 10th verse in the seventh chapter of the Gargasamhita (manuscript no.VVRI 2069; Ref: Pingree: CESS A2,118). The Sanskrit text is in Malayalam script. Recently I was able to acquire (after several attempts stretching over 3-4 years) the Mss and a friend read the text for me. This Gargasamhita is not same as the Vrddhagaargiaya Jyotisha that I am editing. However, since there are several manuscripts (on  different subjects) attributed to Vrddhagarga/Garga I was curious about this Mss. Luckily I came across the so-called Pythagorean relation. This is an interesting part-Samhita, part-siddhanta text yet to be studied and understood. M.Yano has written briefly on this work of Garga (See: Geslani, M., Mak, B., Yano, M. and Zysk, K.G., Garga and early astral science in India. History of Science in South Asia, 5(1) 2017.; pp.151-191.)

Regards

RN Iyengar

---

[1] Quoted by N­ilakantha (ref. Garga quotes in Aryabhatiya bhashya – file sent earlier by me)

[Sundareswaran N.K]

Dear Prof.  Iyengar, 

Thank you very much for the valuable reference, for the bonus piece of information,  and  for remembering the query.

Pranams, 

nks 

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