lakshanas of Ajyam, ghrtam and samidhas

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venkat veeraraghavan

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Sep 3, 2025, 3:17:44 AM (3 days ago) Sep 3
to भारतीयविद्वत्परिषत्
Namaste to all the Vidvans,

1. What are the lakshanas of ajyam, ghrtam and samidhas ? 

I have heard that ajyam is ghee that has been made on THAT day and cooked (not completely) but with a little raw butteriness still in it. ie the liquid is removed off the heat before the nutty aroma we all know sets in.

Is there any lakshana mentioned on how long a samidha has to be for purposes of samidhadanam and agnimukham?

I also heard that either ajyam/ghrtam is the product of a single cow.

Kindly elucidate,

Many thanks,

V

Mahamaho. Subrahmanyam Korada

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Sep 4, 2025, 12:53:18 PM (yesterday) Sep 4
to bvpar...@googlegroups.com
नमो विद्वद्भ्यः

घृतम् -- सर्पिः -- हविः -- आयुतम् --  मस्तु -- निष्पवनम् -- हैयङ्गवीनम् -- नवनीतम् 

ऐतरेयब्राह्मणम् - तैत्तिरीयसंहिता - पूर्वमीमांसा - पाणिनीयम् - आयुर्वेदः - अमरकोशः 

I shall give an explanation that is common to both  वेद and लोक  ---

आज्यं वै देवानां सुरभि , घृतं मनुष्याणाम् , आयुतं पितॄणाम् -- 1-3 , ऐतरेयब्राह्मणम्

घृतं वै  देवानां मस्तु पितॄणां निष्पवनं मनुष्याणाम् --  6-1-1 , तैत्तिरीयसंहिता

सर्पिर्विलीनमाज्यं स्यात् घनीभूतं घृतं विदुः \
विलीनार्धमायुतं तु नवनीतं यतो घृतम् ॥ 1-3 , ऐतरेयब्राह्मणव्याख्या - षड्गुरुशिष्यः

If it is in a liquified form it is called आज्यम् ।
If it is in a solid state it is called घृतम् or सर्पिः।
If it is in half liquid state it is called आयुतम् ।
If it is well clarified it is called निष्पवनम् ।
If it is slightly heated it is called मस्तु ।

आज्यम् , घृतम् , हविः and सर्पिः are used as synonyms |

In वैद्यकम् , curd mixed with water twice the amount is called मस्तु  useful for old people and those  with poor जठराग्नि (hunger) |

आयुतम् and मस्तु are used as synonyms .

The above material is available in the Hindi commentary , भाष्यभावप्रकाशिका under पूर्वमीमांसासूत्रम् (1-4-7-10) -- बर्हिराज्ययोः असंस्कारे 
शब्दलाभात् अतच्छब्दः ।

पाणिनिसूत्रम् 5-2-23 --

हैयङ्गवीनं संज्ञायाम् 

under the अधिकारसूत्रम् ’तस्य विकारः’ 4-3-132 ’अनुदात्तादेश्च’ 4-3-140 इति अञं  बाधित्वा खञ् । ह्योगोदोहस्य (yesterday's cow milk) घृतम् हैयङ्गवीनम् -
नवनीतम् इत्यर्थः - हरदत्तः , पदमञ्जरी
Some people say नवनीतम् is butter from earlier day's milk (applied on wounds etc) .

अमरकोशः (द्वितीयकाण्डः - वैश्यवर्गः , 52) -

घृतमाज्यं हविस्सर्पिः नवनीतं नवोद्धृतम् ।
तत्तु हैयङ्गवीनं यत् ह्योगोहोद्भवं घृतम् ॥

आयुर्वेदः --

घृतेन वर्धते बुद्धिः क्षीरेणायुष्यवर्धनम् ।
शाकेन वर्धते व्याधिः मांसं मांसेन वर्धते ॥
सर्पिः वातपित्तप्रशमनानाम् -- चरकसूत्रम् ।

(In English घृतम् is translated as ' clarified butter') .


>I also heard that either ajyam/ghrtam is the product of a single cow.<
Not necessarily .

>Is there any lakshana mentioned on how long a samidha has to be for purposes of samidhadanam and agnimukham?<
I have not come across any specific reference -- the समित् (समिधः pl) should be good -- we rather7 do समिदाधानम् with good स्समिधः only.

धन्यो’स्मि


Dr.Korada Subrahmanyam
Prof of Sanskrit (Retd)
Chairman , Bharateeya Vidvat Parishat


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