A query related to shuddha/ashuddha prayoga

[Jay Nityananda Das]

|| Hare Krishna ||

Respected Scholars,

Namo Namah.

Let me present my query here. There are two statements in sanskrit:

(1) एषः अति सुन्दरः बालकः |

(2) इयं उक्तिः बहु मान्या वर्तते |

Some say statement (1) is correct but statement (2) is incorrect because the word "बहु" must change into "बह्वी" as it is the adjective of the word "मान्या" (even though the word "बहु" is also an "अव्यय"). They argue that because the word "बहु" can be declined, so its form should change according to the word it qualifies except it has been used as "क्रियाविशेषण" e.g. एषः बहु भाषते but not when the statement is like एषः बहुः सुन्दरः बालकः (we can always make a compound word like "बहुसुन्दरः", however, that's a different point).

While others say that the word "बहु" as "अव्यय" can be used in the statement like "इयं उक्तिः बहु मान्या वर्तते |"  or like "एषः बहु सुन्दरः बालकः".

What is the proper conclusion here as per Sanskrit Vyakarana standards?

Thank you and regards,

Jay Nityananda Das.

[Vyom A. Shah]

Namaste,

बहु is an adjective (Amara) and hence by वोतो गुणवचनात्॥४।१।४४॥, the ङीष् is added optionally. बहु (declines like धेनु) and बह्वी (declines like नदी) both are grammatically correct as an adjective for मान्या.

Best, Vyom

[Jay Nityananda Das]

Thank you, Sir. 

May I clarify my specific question again.

Can the word "bahu", as avyaya, only  be used in connection to kriya-vesheshana like सः आत्मानं बहु मन्यते?

Can't it be used in connection to any visheshana like अयं बहु पुरातनः ग्रन्थः instead of बहुः पुरातनः ग्रन्थः?

Hope I made my question clear enough.

With deepest regards, Jay Nityananda Das.

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[Ram Kanshi]

So far as I know  बहु can be used only as क्रियाविशेषण as exemplified by you and not as a qualifying word for another विशेषण as in this sentence अयं बहुः सुन्दरो बालः। In case this happens, then  बहुः  can also be compounded with the word सुन्दरः and the form would be बहुसुन्दरः which means "less beautiful" as in the case of बहुपटुः which means "little less skilled." (See Kashika on the aphorism 5.3.68). To explain, the taddhita suffix बहुच् is used at the beginning of the word to which it is added. The aphorism विभाषा सुपो बहुच् पुरस्तात् (अष्टाध्यायी 5.3.68) which means "The taddhita affix bahuc optionally occurs before (purastaat), and not after, a nominal stem which ends in sup and has its meaning qualified by "less"(ईषदसमाप्ति). Even when we use बहु with मान्य, बहु मन्यते इति बहुमान्यः which looks as if this word were used as a qualifying word for मान्य but this kridanta word  मान्य is formed by the kridanta suffix  ऋहलोर्ण्यत् ( अष्टाध्यायी 3.1.124). It is obviously in the sense of kriyavisheshana. This sense is commonly observed in Sanskrit language, e.g. Kullukabhatta on Manu 2.117 says आध्यात्मिकं ब्रह्मज्ञानं यस्मात्तु गृह्णाति ते बहुमान्यमध्ये स्थितं प्रथममभिवादयेत्। A person should pay his obeisance to the person, sitting among the highly esteemed persons, from whom he receives the knowledge of Brahman. 

If you come across the use of bahu with another qualifying word, please let me know so that we may deliberate on such a linguistic usage.

The rest later on on hearing from your side.

Kanshiram

Retired Associate Professor 

Hans Raj College.

[Jay Nityananda Das]

Thank you, Sir.

Here, below is a screenshot from a book Teach yourself Sanskrit series, Prathama diksha, published by Rashtriya Sanskrit Samsthanam, New Delhi.

I searched in the standard Sanskrit dictionaries and some shastra texts like Bhagavata Purana, however, nowhere I could find any instance of the below usage.

Any thoughts on this?

Regards, Jay Nityananda Das.

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[Ram Kanshi]

Dear Sir, 

If you have read my reply, then I would say that बहु मान्या should be used in the compound form बहुमान्या and then the word बहु may be treated as क्रियाविशेषण as I have explained in connection with the statement of Kulluka Bhatta in my reply. Or it may be understood as. बहु मन्यते (कर्मणि) या सा बहुमान्या. This is my thought. If you come across any other instance which is not consonant with my way of thinking, then that may be discussed.

KR.

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[Mahamaho. Subrahmanyam Korada]

नमो विद्वद्भ्यः

Can the word "bahu", as avyaya, only  be used in connection to kriya-vesheshana like सः आत्मानं बहु मन्यते?

Can't it be used in connection to any visheshana like अयं बहु पुरातनः ग्रन्थः instead of बहुः पुरातनः ग्रन्थः?

                                                                                                                                                                 --- विद्  जय् नित्यानन्ददास

Just like कार , बहु   also has got two forms in पाणिनीयम् -- पदम् - प्रत्ययः । 

कारः ---

पदम् -- कारे सत्यागदस्य (पा 6-3-70) - सत्यङ्कारः - अगदङ्कारः (वैद्यः) । उच्चैस्तरां वा वषट्कारः (पा1-2-35)

प्रत्ययः -- वर्णात्कारः (वार्तिकम्, 3-3-108 रोगाख्यायाम् ..) -- अकारः - ककारः । स्वार्थे ।

बहु ---

पदम् -- प्रभूतं प्रचुरं प्राज्यमदभ्रं बहुलं बहु (अमरकोशः 3-63) |

बहुशब्दः वाच्यलिङ्गकः --

पुंलिङ्गे -- बहुः 

स्त्रीलिङ्गे -- बहुः - बह्वी (वोतो गुणवचनात्  पा 4-1-44) |

नपुंसके -- बहु 

बहुशब्दः पृथ्वादिषु पठ्यते -- 

पृथ्वादिभ्य इमनिज्वा (पा 5-1-121) |

बहोर्लोपो भू च बहोः (पा 6-4-158)  बहु + इमनिच् = भूमा -- आदेः परस्य (पा 1-1-54) इति इमनिचि इकारलोपः ।

अन्नं बहु कुर्वीत (तै उप) । सो’कामयत । बहु स्यां प्रजायेयेति (तै उप) । क्रियाविशेषणम् ।

प्रत्ययः --

विभाषा सुपो बहुच् पुरस्तात्तु (पा 5-3-68) -- ’ईषदसाप्तौ ’ अनुवृत्तिः ।

ईषदसमाप्तः पटुः बहुपटुः -- बहुमृदुः -- बहुगुडा द्राक्षा ।

This is the only प्रत्यय in the  entire पाणिनीयम् that is prefixed - rest are suffixed -- प्रत्ययः , परश्च  पा 3-1-1 , 3-1-2 |

धन्यो’स्मि

Dr.Korada Subrahmanyam

Prof of Sanskrit (Retd)

Chairman , Bharateeya Vidvat Parishat

Ph:09866110741

https://sites.google.com/view/koradeeyam/home

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[Jay Nityananda Das]

धन्यो 'स्मि महोदयाः!

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[BVK Sastry (G-S-Pop)]

Namaste

 

On  <  Just like कार , बहु   also has got two forms in पाणिनीयम् -- पदम् - प्रत्ययः ।  >

 

1.    Submitting for Scholars review : Would these two Sutras add another dimension in understanding  pointers provided by MM Korada j  for < बहु  >  :    

         1.1.23 - बहुगणवतुडति संख्या ।  and  5.3.68- विभाषा सुपो बहुच् पुरस्तात्तु ।

 

 

https://sanskritdocuments.org/learning_tools/ashtadhyayi/vyakhya/1/1.1.23.htm

sanskritdocuments.org/learning_tools/ashtadhyayi/vyakhya/5/5.3.68.htm

 

2.     Monier Williams lists some of these at https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/csl-apidev/servepdf.php?dict=MW&page=724 ;

But the clarity on the ‘Lexicon Meaning’ and ‘USAGE MEANING  IN CONTEXT’ get cluttered up, if construction of < >  is not clear in the final ‘ ‘.

 

3.     Well , ‘Samskruth Language Modelling’  for ‘Translation and AI’  are yet a long way to come out of ‘Anglicized Sanskrit LLM ‘ framework currently  being pursued  for ‘Sanskrit Analytics and Semantics’.

 

         If ‘Samskruth’ Processing base and Connect  is NOT Clear for many ‘ Samskruth Words, commonly  floating around in several Indian Language’s, commentaries,  including Hindi,   

         the lexicon driven AI Solutions are bound to lead to inappropriate outcomes and become ‘sour throat issues’ in debates.

 

 

Regards

BVK Sastry

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