Trouble typesetting Samskrita triple conjuncts in XeLaTeX

[Nityanand Misra]

Namaste

I have typeset Samskrita documents in pdfLaTeX in the past using Charles Wikner's skt package. I recently shifted to XeLaTeX and love it so far since I can type Unicode straight into the document without bothering about any preprocessor.

I am on Windows using MikTeX 2.9 with TeXWorks 0.4.3. I find that triple conjuncts like त्र्य, ध्र्य and क्र्य are not rendered properly. So far I have only noted conjuncts with 'र्' in the middle but there may be others. Here is my xelatex file

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{fontspec}

% \setmainfont[Script=Devanagari]{Sanskrit 2003}

\setmainfont[Script=Devanagari]{Arial Unicode MS}

\begin{document}

\fontsize{16}{18}\selectfont

\noindent आपदामपहर्तारं दातारं सर्वसम्पदाम् \\

लोकाभिरामं श्रीरामं भूयो भूयो नमाम्यहम् \\

\\

क्त क्य ङ्म ट्ट \\

ॐ त्र्य ध्र्य र्त्स्न्य क्र्य \\

\end{document}

And the attached PDF is what I get after running XeLaTeX where the triple conjuncts in the last line are messed up.

Some Googling landed me at discussion which said that because there conjuncts are in the private area of Unicode, which creates some problems on Windows but works fine on Ubuntu. As a discussion is 3-year old, I guess many things may have changed.

Does anybody know of any Windows XeLaTeX setup (e.g. TeX Live) which can process these characters successfully? Or can anybody working on XeLaTeX on non-Windows platform try to see if their setup produces them correctly? Can they help me with the OS and TeX distribution details which works for these?

Thanks, Nityanand

--
Nityānanda Miśra
Member, Advisory Council, Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University
Chitrakoot, Uttar Pradesh, India
http://nmisra.googlepages.com
http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/donate.php

|| आत्मा तत्त्वमसि श्वेतकेतो ||
(Thou art from/for/of/in That Ātman, O Śvetaketu)
     - Ṛṣi Uddālaka to his son, Chāndogyopaniṣad 6.8.7, The Sāma Veda

[narayanan er]

Dear Sh. Nityanand,
Let me share with you a very little experience I have in this field. I regularly use Fedora 14 in lab and using Ubuntu 10.04 LTS - the Lucid Lynx - released in April 2010 and supported until April 2013 at my home, although both PC systems are loaded with the Windows XP too. Why I use Linux? It is Devanagari friendly, or more precisely, an Indian script friendly. According my very little experience, the incompetance of the Windows persists till its version of W7, as today I tried W7 at one of my friend's house in which the Malayalam characters ന്‍ ര്‍ ള്‍ ണ്‍ and ല്‍ are not renderable even with the help of the recommended keys. The problem, Sh. Nityanand, you are facing with the Devanagari is when the trio of conjunct consonants are to be rendered. This problem is well solved in Ubuntu 10.04 LTS if it is rendered in the Lohit Devanagari, but problematic unrendered in Fedora 14, but those (त्र्य, र्त्स्न्य, र्ष्ट्य, र्त्थ्य, र्ध्न्य and many) were rendering correctly in Fedora 11, where Lohit Devanagari was not a must to support. But Ubuntu 10.04 LTS depends Lohit Devanagari for the correct rendering the duos (both र preposing र्प and र pastposing प्र), trios, quadros and pentos of conjunct consonants. At the same time, there is no uniqueness of behaviour among Lohit Fonts of Gujarati, Bengali, Tamil, Devanagari, Punjabi (gurmukhi) regarding Linux character philosophy. But there are remedies for circumstancial dieseases.

1. Once you create or convert data/corpus into Unicode Devanagari, paste or open in gedit Text Editor in Ubuntu 10.04 LTS or in the latest version.
2. Check the conjuncts of र in duos to pentos, formatting to be done on Word Processor in Lohit Devanagari.
3. Until and unless you finalize your editing don't convert the corpus into any other versions, viz. Fedora 11, or Fedora 14 or any other versions of Windows (95, XP to 7).
4. Once you are happy with the editing, then finalize it by converting into pdf. without changing the version/system and once the pdf. is made then no bar of either Windows or Linux, irrespective versions of old and latest.
Finally, I am not a software engineer and what I had been contemplating is a humble attempt on learing a bit of Sanskrit rhetorics and aesthetics. I appologize in advance if my observation is invalid or humbug. I request the software engineer members of this forum to correct me whereever I committed mistakes, which will help us to improve upon the quality of the application of the Devanagari.  
Regards,
Narayanan

---

From: Nityanand Misra <nmi...@gmail.com>
To: bvpar...@googlegroups.com
Sent: Tuesday, 13 November 2012 4:22 PM
Subject: {भारतीयविद्वत्परिषत्} Trouble typesetting Samskrita triple conjuncts in XeLaTeX

--
निराशीर्निर्ममो भूत्वा युध्यस्व विगतज्वरः।। (भ.गी.)
to subscribe go to the link below and put a request
https://groups.google.com/group/bvparishat/subscribe
To unsubscribe from this group, send email to
bvparishat+...@googlegroups.com

[Nityanand Misra]

Update on this - I tried by installing TexLive 2012 today on my Windows machine and the TexLive version of XeLaTeX successfully printed the conjuncts. Attached is the output with Sanskrit 2003 font. Anybody else facing this problem on Windows please upgrade to TeXLive 2012.

Thanks again to all those who responded.

On Wed, Nov 14, 2012 at 8:10 AM, Nityanand Misra <nmi...@gmail.com> wrote:

Thanks Dr. Narayanan for sharing your experience. Many thanks also to Dr. Veeranarayana Pandurangi and Dr. Vineet Chaitanya for their personal responses.

The problem is not with Windows but with the TeX distribution (mikTeX 2.9 for Windows) that I am using. The same conjuncts in Arial Unicode MS or Sanskrit 2003 fonts are rendered correctly if I convert a Microsoft Word document to a PDF using either the Save As PDF functionality or the Acrobat converter or any PDF printer. However I do not want to use Word - the process for typesetting a book is a much more scientific and a lot easier in LaTeX/XeLaTeX (something I use for all my statistical papers and presentations). My choice of Windows is due to the fact that the set of digitization software packages that I use - ScanTailor, SanskritOCR of Dr. Oliver Hellwig, Font converters of Sh. Jagdeep Dangi, AutoHotKeys to automate scanning or OCR, et cetera are easily available for Windows.

From the inputs Dr. Vineet Chaitanya and Sh. Sitarama (on Samskrita forum), I concluded that TeXLive's XeLaTeX on Mac OS and Ubuntu can render the conjuncts perfectly for Sanskrit 2003 and Arial Unicode MS. In Windows, XeLaTeX with mikTeX can render these conjuncts in Nakula font (whose glyphs are not particularly attractive) but not for Mangal, Arial Unicode MS, Sanskrit 2003 or Lohit Devanagari.

So I will try with TeXLive 2012 on Windows and see if that works, if not, I will use Ubuntu. Will share my experience in some days.

Thanks, Nityaannd

[Shrisha Rao]

El nov 15, 2012, a las 8:08 p.m., Nityanand Misra <nmi...@gmail.com> escribió:

> Update on this - I tried by installing TexLive 2012 today on my Windows machine and the TexLive version of XeLaTeX successfully printed the conjuncts. Attached is the output with Sanskrit 2003 font. Anybody else facing this problem on Windows please upgrade to TeXLive 2012.

It is well known that the TeX Live available on Linux distros (particularly on Debian/Ubuntu) are typically out of date by years, and difficult to use. If one has a high speed connection it is quite a simple matter to install the full TeX Live over the Net. Literally a couple of minutes of work, and does not even require admin access (though of course you need write access to the directories used). The only thing to be done is download a small file (see http://tug.org/texlive/acquire-netinstall.html), unpack and execute it, and choose a few settings (defaults should be okay) at the start. If your connection is fast, the rest of the install should take maybe an hour or so with no further work needed. For Mac users, the MacTeX installer (~2GB download) does beautifully.

As a point of information, this sort of issue is better discussed on the XeTeX list, which is fairly active. Browsing the archives of the list, or following discussions there without subscribing, are also possible. See http://tug.org/mailman/listinfo/xetex for more information.

Regards,

Shrisha Rao

[subodh kumar]

Sir,

How to write र्ऋ in word aerial unicode MS?

Subodh Kumar

On 16 November 2012 06:19, Nityanand Misra <nmi...@gmail.com> wrote:

On Thursday, November 15, 2012 11:17:20 PM UTC+8, Shrisha Rao wrote:

El nov 15, 2012, a las 8:08 p.m., Nityanand Misra <nmi...@gmail.com> escribió:

> Update on this - I tried by installing TexLive 2012 today on my Windows machine and the TexLive version of XeLaTeX successfully printed the conjuncts. Attached is the output with Sanskrit 2003 font. Anybody else facing this problem on Windows please upgrade to TeXLive 2012.

It is well known that the TeX Live available on Linux distros (particularly on Debian/Ubuntu) are typically out of date by years, and difficult to use.  If one has a high speed connection it is quite a simple matter to install the full TeX Live over the Net.  Literally a couple of minutes of work, and does not even require admin access (though of course you need write access to the directories used).  The only thing to be done is download a small file (see http://tug.org/texlive/acquire-netinstall.html), unpack and execute it, and choose a few settings (defaults should be okay) at the start.  If your connection is fast, the rest of the install should take maybe an hour or so with no further work needed.  For Mac users, the MacTeX installer (~2GB download) does beautifully.

Thanks for sharing your Mac experience, Dr. Rao. It took me around 2 hours on a 10 Mbps connection on Windows, and it was as easy as pie.
 

As a point of information, this sort of issue is better discussed on the XeTeX list, which is fairly active.  Browsing the archives of the list, or following discussions there without subscribing, are also possible.  See  http://tug.org/mailman/listinfo/xetex for more information.

Thanks for this, I have bookmarked the link. 

 

--
निराशीर्निर्ममो भूत्वा युध्यस्व विगतज्वरः।। (भ.गी.)
to subscribe go to the link below and put a request
https://groups.google.com/group/bvparishat/subscribe
To unsubscribe from this group, send email to
bvparishat+...@googlegroups.com

--

Subodh Kumar,
C-61 Ramprasth,
Ghaziabad-201011
Mobile-9810612898

Maharshi Dayanand Gosamwardhan Kendra , Delhi-96

http://subodh-vedainspirations.blogspot.com
http://subodh-cowsinindia.blogspot.com

A bird sitting on a tree is never afraid of  the branch breaking, because his trust  is NOT  on the branch but on it's own WINGS !!

Believe in yourself & WIN the world..

.

[narayanan er]

What is the purpose of such writings? Is it required for any taantric writings? रृं नमः रॄं नमः or can you please suggest any word with रृ or रॄ

---

From: subodh kumar <subod...@gmail.com>
To: nmi...@gmail.com
Cc: bvpar...@googlegroups.com
Sent: Friday, 16 November 2012 4:44 PM
Subject: Re: {भारतीयविद्वत्परिषत्} Trouble typesetting Samskrita triple conjuncts in XeLaTeX

[Narsing Rao]

Probably he means something like निरृतिः  - or नि‍र्‍ऋतिः , a common word.  This does not show correctly - the रेफ should appear on top of ऋ.

Narsing Rao

[Hnbhat B.R.]

It seems to be used in the word

निरृतिः - 

On Fri, Nov 16, 2012 at 7:23 PM, narayanan er <drerna...@yahoo.com> wrote:

What is the purpose of such writings? Is it required for any taantric writings? रृं नमः रॄं नमः or can you please suggest any word with रृ or रॄ

 

which is available in old print outs as above. 

and

which could not be written in the form appearing in the old print outs, but could be written using Baraha Unicode IME onlly as

निरृतिः, नैरृती, नैरृताः, नैरृत्यः etc.

It was entered like this:

नैर्ऋता यातुधानाश्च ब्रह्मपादोद्भवाश्च ये ।। 5-100-5a 5-100-5b| In mahabharata text online. 

That was the question raised.

[Dr. P. Ramanujan]

निर्ऋत्यादिकं विहाय
ऋषेर्ऋषेर्वा एता निर्मिताः
यथ्सामिधेन्यः (तै.सं. 2.5.7.5)
इत्यादौ दृश्यते ।
तैत्तिरीये
स्वरभक्त्यादेशेऽपि
अन्यत्र अपेक्षितं स्यात् ।
पूर्वेभिर्ऋषिभिरीड्यः (1.1.1.2)
इत्यादौ ऋग्वेदे ।
रामानुजः

> Email secured by Check Point
>
>
>
>

--
Dr. P. Ramanujan
AD-IHLC,
C-DAC, Bangalore (KP)
ra...@cdac.in
080-25246350, 66116444 (Off.-Dir.)



-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

This e-mail is for the sole use of the intended recipient(s) and may
contain confidential and privileged information. If you are not the
intended recipient, please contact the sender by reply e-mail and destroy
all copies and the original message. Any unauthorized review, use,
disclosure, dissemination, forwarding, printing or copying of this email
is strictly prohibited and appropriate legal action will be taken.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[Nityanand Misra]

Also see words like आविर्ऋजीक (RV 4.38.4), ऐन्द्रानैर्ऋत in Kathaka, चतुर्ऋच in AV 19.23.1, चतुर्ऋद्धिपादचरणतलसुप्रतिष्ठित in Divyavadana 7, the root निर्ऋ (निर् + ऋ), निर्ऋण, निर्ऋणिन्, निर्ऋत (RV 1.119.7), निर्ऋति, निर्ऋतिगृहीत, निर्ऋतिपाश, निर्ऋथ (AV 6.93.1), the root निर्ऋछ् (AV, Shatapatha Brahmana), the root निर्ऋज् (Taittiriya Samhita), नैर्ऋत, नैर्ऋती, नैर्ऋति, नैर्ऋतेय, नैर्ऋत्य, नैर्ऋतकन्या, नैर्ऋतराज et cetera. All entries are to be found in Monier Williams.

--
निराशीर्निर्ममो भूत्वा युध्यस्व विगतज्वरः।। (भ.गी.)
to subscribe go to the link below and put a request
https://groups.google.com/group/bvparishat/subscribe
To unsubscribe from this group, send email to
bvparishat+...@googlegroups.com

--

[Nityanand Misra]

Respected Sh. Subodh Kumar

This is how you enter र्ऋ in Word in Arial Unicode MS

1. Choose the font as Arial Unicode MS
2. The syllable is a combination of three Unicode symbols - hexadecimal codes are 0930, 094d, 090b
• First enter the four character hex code 0930. Then press ALT-X combination. This will render as र
• Next without any space enter the four character hex code 094d. Then press ALT-X combination.This will render asर्
• Finally without any space enter the four character hex code 090b.Then press ALT-X combination. This will render correctly asर्ऋ

For a list of Unicode combinations for rare glyphs like this, see the page http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/plc/tamilweb/trans/unicodehindi.html

On that page, the combination for र्ॠ is also given.

1011 र्ऋ=>Unicodeequivalentcodex{0930}\x{094d}\x{090b}
1012 र्ॠ=>Unicodeequivalentcodex{0930}\x{094d}\x{0960}
1013 र्ऋ=>Unicodeequivalentcodex{0930}\x{094d}\x{090b}

Thanks, Nityanand

[Nityanand Misra]

Another example in श्रीभार्गवराघवीयम् ३-९४

निरस्तदण्डोऽथ निरुद्धसौरतो रतो व्रतो ब्राह्मणधर्मकर्मणि ।
खगात्मजे जाग्रति चाष्टमे मनौ भवेर्ऋषीणां स्वपितेव सप्तमः ॥ ३-९४ ॥

भवेः + ऋषीणाम् = भवेर्ऋषीणाम्

The printed manuscript typeset using TTF fonts and digitized manuscript typeset using LaTeX reads "भवे ऋषीणां" because typesetting was a problem.

Thanks, Nityananad

2012/11/17 Nityanand Misra <nmi...@gmail.com>

[Dr. P. Ramanujan]

सामान्यतः पाणिनिशिक्षोक्त
ऊष्मणः अष्टविधगतिषु
विसर्गपर-ऋकारस्थाने
विसर्गस्य रेफभावे
एतस्याक्षरविन्यासस्य
प्रयोगः इष्टः ।
अग्निर्ऋतुः, अग्निर्ऋषिः
इत्याद्याः उदाहर्तुं
शक्यन्ते ।
रेफोष्मसंयोगे रेफः
स्वरभक्तिः इत्यस्य
अतिदेशवत् क्वचित् शाखासु ।

रामानुजः
On Sat, Nov 17, 2012, Nityanand Misra <nmi...@gmail.com> said:

>
> --bcaec553fef6fe632704ce9fa81a
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
> Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
>
> QWxzbyBzZWUgd29yZHMgbGlrZSDgpIbgpLXgpL/gpLDgpY3gpIvgpJzgpYDg
> pJUgKFJWIDQuMzguNCksIOCkkOCkqOCljeCkpuCljeCksOCkvuCkqOCliOCk
> sOCljeCki+CkpCBpbiBLYXRoYWthLArgpJrgpKTgpYHgpLDgpY3gpIvgpJog
> aW4gQVYgMTkuMjMuMSwg4KSa4KSk4KWB4KSw4KWN4KSL4KSm4KWN4KSn4KS/
> 4KSq4KS+4KSm4KSa4KSw4KSj4KSk4KSy4KS44KWB4KSq4KWN4KSw4KSk4KS/
> 4KS34KWN4KSg4KS/4KSkIGluIERpdnlhdmFkYW5hIDcsIHRoZQpyb290IOCk
> qOCkv+CksOCljeCkiyAo4KSo4KS/4KSw4KWNICsg4KSLKSwg4KSo4KS/4KSw
> 4KWN4KSL4KSjLCDgpKjgpL/gpLDgpY3gpIvgpKPgpL/gpKjgpY0sIOCkqOCk
> v+CksOCljeCki+CkpCAoUlYgMS4xMTkuNyksIOCkqOCkv+CksOCljeCki+Ck
> pOCkvywK4KSo4KS/4KSw4KWN4KSL4KSk4KS/4KSX4KWD4KS54KWA4KSkLCDg
> pKjgpL/gpLDgpY3gpIvgpKTgpL/gpKrgpL7gpLYsIOCkqOCkv+CksOCljeCk
> i+CkpSAoQVYgNi45My4xKSwgdGhlIHJvb3Qg4KSo4KS/4KSw4KWN4KSL4KSb
> 4KWNIChBViwKU2hhdGFwYXRoYSBCcmFobWFuYSksIHRoZSByb290IOCkqOCk
> v+CksOCljeCki+CknOCljSAoVGFpdHRpcml5YSBTYW1oaXRhKSwg4KSo4KWI
> 4KSw4KWN4KSL4KSkLArgpKjgpYjgpLDgpY3gpIvgpKTgpYAsIOCkqOCliOCk
> sOCljeCki+CkpOCkvywg4KSo4KWI4KSw4KWN4KSL4KSk4KWH4KSvLCDgpKjg
> pYjgpLDgpY3gpIvgpKTgpY3gpK8sIOCkqOCliOCksOCljeCki+CkpOCkleCk
> qOCljeCkr+Ckviwg4KSo4KWI4KSw4KWN4KSL4KSk4KSw4KS+4KScIGV0IGNl
> dGVyYS4gQWxsCmVudHJpZXMgYXJlIHRvIGJlIGZvdW5kIGluIE1vbmllciBX
> aWxsaWFtcy4KCk9uIEZyaSwgTm92IDE2LCAyMDEyIGF0IDExOjE4IFBNLCBI
> bmJoYXQgQi5SLiA8aG5iaGF0MDFAZ21haWwuY29tPiB3cm90ZToKCj4gSXQg
> c2VlbXMgdG8gYmUgdXNlZCBpbiB0aGUgd29yZAo+Cj4g4KSo4KS/4KSw4KWD
> 4KSk4KS/4KSDIC0KPgo+Cj4gT24gRnJpLCBOb3YgMTYsIDIwMTIgYXQgNzoy
> MyBQTSwgbmFyYXlhbmFuIGVyIDxkcmVybmFyYXlhbmFuQHlhaG9vLmNvbT53
> cm90ZToKPgo+PiBXaGF0IGlzIHRoZSBwdXJwb3NlIG9mIHN1Y2ggd3JpdGlu
> Z3M/IElzIGl0IHJlcXVpcmVkIGZvciBhbnkgdGFhbnRyaWMKPj4gd3JpdGlu
> Z3M/IOCksOClg+CkgiDgpKjgpK7gpIMg4KSw4KWE4KSCIOCkqOCkruCkgyBv
> ciBjYW4geW91IHBsZWFzZSBzdWdnZXN0IGFueSB3b3JkIHdpdGgg4KSw4KWD
> IG9y4KSw4KWECj4+Cj4+Cj4gW2ltYWdlOiBJbmxpbmUgaW1hZ2UgMV0KPgo+
> Cj4gd2hpY2ggaXMgYXZhaWxhYmxlIGluIG9sZCBwcmludCBvdXRzIGFzIGFi
> b3ZlLgo+Cj4gW2ltYWdlOiBJbmxpbmUgaW1hZ2UgMl0KPgo+Cj4gYW5kCj4K
> PiBbaW1hZ2U6IElubGluZSBpbWFnZSAzXQo+Cj4KPiB3aGljaCBjb3VsZCBu
> b3QgYmUgd3JpdHRlbiBpbiB0aGUgZm9ybSBhcHBlYXJpbmcgaW4gdGhlIG9s
> ZCBwcmludCBvdXRzLAo+IGJ1dCBjb3VsZCBiZSB3cml0dGVuIHVzaW5nIEJh
> cmFoYSBVbmljb2RlIElNRSBvbmxseSBhcwo+Cj4g4KSo4KS/4KSw4KWD4KSk
> 4KS/4KSDLCDgpKjgpYjgpLDgpYPgpKTgpYAsIOCkqOCliOCksOClg+CkpOCk
> vuCkgywg4KSo4KWI4KSw4KWD4KSk4KWN4KSv4KSDIGV0Yy4KPgo+IEl0IHdh
> cyBlbnRlcmVkIGxpa2UgdGhpczoKPgo+IOCkqOCliOCksOCljeCki+CkpOCk
> viAq4KSv4KS+4KSk4KWB4KSn4KS+4KSo4KS+4KS24KWN4KSaKiDgpKzgpY3g
> pLDgpLngpY3gpK7gpKrgpL7gpKbgpYvgpKbgpY3gpK3gpLXgpL7gpLbgpY3g
> pJog4KSv4KWHIOClpOClpCA1LTEwMC01YSA1LTEwMC01YnwgSW4KPiBtYWhh
> YmhhcmF0YSB0ZXh0IG9ubGluZS4KPgo+IFRoYXQgd2FzIHRoZSBxdWVzdGlv
> biByYWlzZWQuCj4KPgo+ICAtLQo+IOCkqOCkv+CksOCkvuCktuClgOCksOCl
> jeCkqOCkv+CksOCljeCkruCkruCliyDgpK3gpYLgpKTgpY3gpLXgpL4g4KSv
> 4KWB4KSn4KWN4KSv4KS44KWN4KS1IOCkteCkv+Ckl+CkpOCknOCljeCkteCk
> sOCkg+ClpOClpCAo4KStLuCkl+ClgC4pCj4gdG8gc3Vic2NyaWJlIGdvIHRv
> IHRoZSBsaW5rIGJlbG93IGFuZCBwdXQgYSByZXF1ZXN0Cj4gaHR0cHM6Ly9n
> cm91cHMuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS9ncm91cC9idnBhcmlzaGF0L3N1YnNjcmliZQo+
> IFRvIHVuc3Vic2NyaWJlIGZyb20gdGhpcyBncm91cCwgc2VuZCBlbWFpbCB0
> bwo+IGJ2cGFyaXNoYXQrdW5zdWJzY3JpYmVAZ29vZ2xlZ3JvdXBzLmNvbQo+
> CgoKCi0tIApOaXR5xIFuYW5kYSBNacWbcmEKTWVtYmVyLCBBZHZpc29yeSBD
> b3VuY2lsLCBKYWdhZGd1cnUgUmFtYmhhZHJhY2hhcnlhIEhhbmRpY2FwcGVk
> IFVuaXZlcnNpdHkKQ2hpdHJha29vdCwgVXR0YXIgUHJhZGVzaCwgSW5kaWEK
> aHR0cDovL25taXNyYS5nb29nbGVwYWdlcy5jb20KaHR0cDovL2phZ2FkZ3Vy
> dXJhbWJoYWRyYWNoYXJ5YS5vcmcvZG9uYXRlLnBocAoKfHwg4KSG4KSk4KWN
> 4KSu4KS+IOCkpOCkpOCljeCkpOCljeCkteCkruCkuOCkvyDgpLbgpY3gpLXg
> pYfgpKTgpJXgpYfgpKTgpYsgfHwKKFRob3UgYXJ0IGZyb20vZm9yL29mL2lu
> IFRoYXQgxIB0bWFuLCBPIMWadmV0YWtldHUpCiAgICAgLSDhuZrhuaNpIFVk
> ZMSBbGFrYSB0byBoaXMgc29uLCBDaMSBbmRvZ3lvcGFuaeG5o2FkIDYuOC43
> LCBUaGUgU8SBbWEgVmVkYQoNCi0tIArgpKjgpL/gpLDgpL7gpLbgpYDgpLDg
> pY3gpKjgpL/gpLDgpY3gpK7gpK7gpYsg4KSt4KWC4KSk4KWN4KS14KS+IOCk
> r+ClgeCkp+CljeCkr+CkuOCljeCktSDgpLXgpL/gpJfgpKTgpJzgpY3gpLXg
> pLDgpIPgpaTgpaQgKOCkrS7gpJfgpYAuKQ0KdG8gc3Vic2NyaWJlIGdvIHRv
> IHRoZSBsaW5rIGJlbG93IGFuZCBwdXQgYSByZXF1ZXN0DQpodHRwczovL2dy
> b3Vwcy5nb29nbGUuY29tL2dyb3VwL2J2cGFyaXNoYXQvc3Vic2NyaWJlDQpU
> byB1bnN1YnNjcmliZSBmcm9tIHRoaXMgZ3JvdXAsIHNlbmQgZW1haWwgdG8N
> CmJ2cGFyaXNoYXQrdW5zdWJzY3JpYmVAZ29vZ2xlZ3JvdXBzLmNvbQoKCg==
>
> --bcaec553fef6fe632704ce9fa81a
> Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
> Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
>
> QWxzbyBzZWUgd29yZHMgbGlrZSDgpIbgpLXgpL/gpLDgpY3gpIvgpJzgpYDg
> pJUgKFJWIDQuMzguNCksIOCkkOCkqOCljeCkpuCljeCksOCkvuCkqOCliOCk
> sOCljeCki+CkpCBpbiBLYXRoYWthLCDgpJrgpKTgpYHgpLDgpY3gpIvgpJog
> aW4gQVYgMTkuMjMuMSwg4KSa4KSk4KWB4KSw4KWN4KSL4KSm4KWN4KSn4KS/
> 4KSq4KS+4KSm4KSa4KSw4KSj4KSk4KSy4KS44KWB4KSq4KWN4KSw4KSk4KS/
> 4KS34KWN4KSg4KS/4KSkIGluIERpdnlhdmFkYW5hIDcsIHRoZSByb290IOCk
> qOCkv+CksOCljeCkiyAo4KSo4KS/4KSw4KWNICsg4KSLKSwg4KSo4KS/4KSw
> 4KWN4KSL4KSjLCDgpKjgpL/gpLDgpY3gpIvgpKPgpL/gpKjgpY0sIOCkqOCk
> v+CksOCljeCki+CkpCAoUlYgMS4xMTkuNyksIOCkqOCkv+CksOCljeCki+Ck
> pOCkvywg4KSo4KS/4KSw4KWN4KSL4KSk4KS/4KSX4KWD4KS54KWA4KSkLCDg
> pKjgpL/gpLDgpY3gpIvgpKTgpL/gpKrgpL7gpLYsIOCkqOCkv+CksOCljeCk
> i+CkpSAoQVYgNi45My4xKSwgdGhlIHJvb3Qg4KSo4KS/4KSw4KWN4KSL4KSb
> 4KWNIChBViwgU2hhdGFwYXRoYSBCcmFobWFuYSksIHRoZSByb290IOCkqOCk
> v+CksOCljeCki+CknOCljSAoVGFpdHRpcml5YSBTYW1oaXRhKSwg4KSo4KWI
> 4KSw4KWN4KSL4KSkLCDgpKjgpYjgpLDgpY3gpIvgpKTgpYAsIOCkqOCliOCk
> sOCljeCki+CkpOCkvywg4KSo4KWI4KSw4KWN4KSL4KSk4KWH4KSvLCDgpKjg
> pYjgpLDgpY3gpIvgpKTgpY3gpK8sIOCkqOCliOCksOCljeCki+CkpOCkleCk
> qOCljeCkr+Ckviwg4KSo4KWI4KSw4KWN4KSL4KSk4KSw4KS+4KScIGV0IGNl
> dGVyYS4gQWxsIGVudHJpZXMgYXJlIHRvIGJlIGZvdW5kIGluIE1vbmllciBX
> aWxsaWFtcy48YnI+Cjxicj48ZGl2IGNsYXNzPSJnbWFpbF9xdW90ZSI+T24g
> RnJpLCBOb3YgMTYsIDIwMTIgYXQgMTE6MTggUE0sIEhuYmhhdCBCLlIuIDxz
> cGFuIGRpcj0ibHRyIj4mbHQ7PGEgaHJlZj0ibWFpbHRvOmhuYmhhdDAxQGdt
> YWlsLmNvbSIgdGFyZ2V0PSJfYmxhbmsiPmhuYmhhdDAxQGdtYWlsLmNvbTwv
> YT4mZ3Q7PC9zcGFuPiB3cm90ZTo8YnI+PGJsb2NrcXVvdGUgY2xhc3M9Imdt
> YWlsX3F1b3RlIiBzdHlsZT0ibWFyZ2luOjAgMCAwIC44ZXg7Ym9yZGVyLWxl
> ZnQ6MXB4ICNjY2Mgc29saWQ7cGFkZGluZy1sZWZ0OjFleCI+Ckl0IHNlZW1z
> IHRvIGJlIHVzZWQgaW4gdGhlIHdvcmQ8ZGl2Pjxicj48L2Rpdj48ZGl2PuCk
> qOCkv+CksOClg+CkpOCkv+CkgyAtwqA8L2Rpdj48ZGl2IGNsYXNzPSJnbWFp
> bF9leHRyYSI+PGJyPjxicj48ZGl2IGNsYXNzPSJnbWFpbF9xdW90ZSI+PGRp
> diBjbGFzcz0iaW0iPk9uIEZyaSwgTm92IDE2LCAyMDEyIGF0IDc6MjMgUE0s
> IG5hcmF5YW5hbiBlciA8c3BhbiBkaXI9Imx0ciI+Jmx0OzxhIGhyZWY9Im1h
> aWx0bzpkcmVybmFyYXlhbmFuQHlhaG9vLmNvbSIgdGFyZ2V0PSJfYmxhbmsi
> PmRyZXJuYXJheWFuYW5AeWFob28uY29tPC9hPiZndDs8L3NwYW4+IHdyb3Rl
> Ojxicj4KCgo8YmxvY2txdW90ZSBjbGFzcz0iZ21haWxfcXVvdGUiIHN0eWxl
> PSJtYXJnaW46MHB4IDBweCAwcHggMC44ZXg7Ym9yZGVyLWxlZnQtd2lkdGg6
> MXB4O2JvcmRlci1sZWZ0LWNvbG9yOnJnYigyMDQsMjA0LDIwNCk7Ym9yZGVy
> LWxlZnQtc3R5bGU6c29saWQ7cGFkZGluZy1sZWZ0OjFleCI+PGRpdj48ZGl2
> IHN0eWxlPSJmb250LXNpemU6MTBwdDtmb250LWZhbWlseTp2ZXJkYW5hLGhl
> bHZldGljYSxzYW5zLXNlcmlmIj4KCjxkaXY+PHNwYW4+PGZvbnQgc2l6ZT0i
> NSI+PGZvbnQgc2l6ZT0iMyI+V2hhdCBpcyB0aGUgcHVycG9zZSBvZiBzdWNo
> IHdyaXRpbmdzPyBJcyBpdCByZXF1aXJlZCBmb3IgYW55IHRhYW50cmljIHdy
> aXRpbmdzPyA8L2ZvbnQ+4KSw4KWD4KSCIOCkqOCkruCkgyDgpLDgpYTgpIIg
> 4KSo4KSu4KSDPC9mb250PiA8Zm9udCBzaXplPSIzIj5vciBjYW4geW91IHBs
> ZWFzZSBzdWdnZXN0IGFueSB3b3JkIHdpdGg8L2ZvbnQ+IDwvc3Bhbj48c3Bh
> bj48Zm9udCBzaXplPSI1Ij7gpLDgpYMgPGZvbnQgc2l6ZT0iMyI+b3I8L2Zv
> bnQ+IOCksOClhDwvZm9udD48L3NwYW4+PC9kaXY+CgoKPGRpdj48YnI+PC9k
> aXY+PC9kaXY+PC9kaXY+PC9ibG9ja3F1b3RlPjxkaXY+PGJyPjwvZGl2Pjwv
> ZGl2PjxkaXY+PGltZyBzcmM9ImNpZDppaV8xM2IwOWMzNDhjZWIyZmI5IiBh
> bHQ9IklubGluZSBpbWFnZSAxIj48YnI+PC9kaXY+PGRpdj7CoDwvZGl2Pjxk
> aXY+PGJyPjwvZGl2PjxkaXY+d2hpY2ggaXMgYXZhaWxhYmxlIGluIG9sZCBw
> cmludCBvdXRzIGFzIGFib3ZlLsKgPC9kaXY+PGRpdj4KPGJyPgo8L2Rpdj48
> ZGl2PjxpbWcgc3JjPSJjaWQ6aWlfMTNiMDljNzBmZWFkZGU1ZCIgYWx0PSJJ
> bmxpbmUgaW1hZ2UgMiI+PGJyPjwvZGl2PjxkaXY+PGJyPjwvZGl2PjxkaXY+
> PGJyPjwvZGl2PjxkaXY+YW5kPC9kaXY+PGRpdj48YnI+PC9kaXY+PGRpdj48
> aW1nIHNyYz0iY2lkOmlpXzEzYjA5YzhhMDE4NWNmYTMiIGFsdD0iSW5saW5l
> IGltYWdlIDMiPjxicj48L2Rpdj48ZGl2Pjxicj48L2Rpdj4KCjxkaXY+PGJy
> PjwvZGl2PjxkaXY+d2hpY2ggY291bGQgbm90IGJlIHdyaXR0ZW4gaW4gdGhl
> IGZvcm0gYXBwZWFyaW5nIGluIHRoZSBvbGQgcHJpbnQgb3V0cywgYnV0IGNv
> dWxkIGJlIHdyaXR0ZW4gdXNpbmcgQmFyYWhhIFVuaWNvZGUgSU1FIG9ubGx5
> IGFzPC9kaXY+PGRpdj48YnI+PC9kaXY+PGRpdj7gpKjgpL/gpLDgpYPgpKTg
> pL/gpIMsIOCkqOCliOCksOClg+CkpOClgCwg4KSo4KWI4KSw4KWD4KSk4KS+
> 4KSDLCDgpKjgpYjgpLDgpYPgpKTgpY3gpK/gpIMgZXRjLjwvZGl2PjxkaXY+
> Cgo8YnI+PC9kaXY+PGRpdj5JdCB3YXMgZW50ZXJlZCBsaWtlIHRoaXM6PC9k
> aXY+PGRpdj48YnI+PC9kaXY+PGRpdj48c3BhbiBzdHlsZT0iZm9udC1mYW1p
> bHk6YXJpYWwsc2Fucy1zZXJpZjtsaW5lLWhlaWdodDoxNnB4Ij7gpKjgpYjg
> pLDgpY3gpIvgpKTgpL7CoDwvc3Bhbj48aSBzdHlsZT0ibGluZS1oZWlnaHQ6
> MTZweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LWZhbWlseTphcmlhbCxzYW5z
> LXNlcmlmO2ZvbnQtd2VpZ2h0OmJvbGQiPuCkr+CkvuCkpOClgeCkp+CkvuCk
> qOCkvuCktuCljeCkmjwvaT48c3BhbiBzdHlsZT0iZm9udC1mYW1pbHk6YXJp
> YWwsc2Fucy1zZXJpZjtsaW5lLWhlaWdodDoxNnB4Ij7CoOCkrOCljeCksOCk
> ueCljeCkruCkquCkvuCkpuCli+CkpuCljeCkreCkteCkvuCktuCljeCkmiDg
> pK/gpYcg4KWk4KWkIDUtMTAwLTVhIDUtMTAwLTwvc3Bhbj48c3BhbiBzdHls
> ZT0iZm9udC1mYW1pbHk6YXJpYWwsc2Fucy1zZXJpZjtsaW5lLWhlaWdodDox
> NnB4Ij41YnwgSW4gbWFoYWJoYXJhdGEgdGV4dCBvbmxpbmUuwqA8L3NwYW4+
> PGJyPgoKPC9kaXY+PGRpdj48c3BhbiBzdHlsZT0iZm9udC1mYW1pbHk6YXJp
> YWwsc2Fucy1zZXJpZjtsaW5lLWhlaWdodDoxNnB4Ij48YnI+PC9zcGFuPjwv
> ZGl2PjxkaXY+PHNwYW4gc3R5bGU9ImZvbnQtZmFtaWx5OmFyaWFsLHNhbnMt
> c2VyaWY7bGluZS1oZWlnaHQ6MTZweCI+VGhhdCB3YXMgdGhlIHF1ZXN0aW9u
> IHJhaXNlZC48L3NwYW4+PC9kaXY+PGRpdj48c3BhbiBzdHlsZT0iZm9udC1m
> YW1pbHk6YXJpYWwsc2Fucy1zZXJpZjtsaW5lLWhlaWdodDoxNnB4Ij48YnI+
> Cgo8L3NwYW4+PC9kaXY+PGRpdj48c3BhbiBzdHlsZT0iZm9udC1mYW1pbHk6
> YXJpYWwsc2Fucy1zZXJpZjtsaW5lLWhlaWdodDoxNnB4Ij48YnI+PC9zcGFu
> PjwvZGl2PjwvZGl2PjwvZGl2PjxkaXYgY2xhc3M9IkhPRW5aYiI+PGRpdiBj
> bGFzcz0iaDUiPgoKPHA+PC9wPgoKLS0gPGJyPgrgpKjgpL/gpLDgpL7gpLbg
> pYDgpLDgpY3gpKjgpL/gpLDgpY3gpK7gpK7gpYsg4KSt4KWC4KSk4KWN4KS1
> 4KS+IOCkr+ClgeCkp+CljeCkr+CkuOCljeCktSDgpLXgpL/gpJfgpKTgpJzg
> pY3gpLXgpLDgpIPgpaTgpaQgKOCkrS7gpJfgpYAuKTxicj4KdG8gc3Vic2Ny
> aWJlIGdvIHRvIHRoZSBsaW5rIGJlbG93IGFuZCBwdXQgYSByZXF1ZXN0PGJy
> Pgo8YSBocmVmPSJodHRwczovL2dyb3Vwcy5nb29nbGUuY29tL2dyb3VwL2J2
> cGFyaXNoYXQvc3Vic2NyaWJlIiB0YXJnZXQ9Il9ibGFuayI+aHR0cHM6Ly9n
> cm91cHMuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS9ncm91cC9idnBhcmlzaGF0L3N1YnNjcmliZTwv
> YT48YnI+ClRvIHVuc3Vic2NyaWJlIGZyb20gdGhpcyBncm91cCwgc2VuZCBl
> bWFpbCB0bzxicj4KPGEgaHJlZj0ibWFpbHRvOmJ2cGFyaXNoYXQlMkJ1bnN1
> YnNjcmliZUBnb29nbGVncm91cHMuY29tIiB0YXJnZXQ9Il9ibGFuayI+YnZw
> YXJpc2hhdCt1bnN1YnNjcmliZUBnb29nbGVncm91cHMuY29tPC9hPjxicj4K
> PC9kaXY+PC9kaXY+PC9ibG9ja3F1b3RlPjwvZGl2Pjxicj48YnIgY2xlYXI9
> ImFsbCI+PGJyPi0tIDxicj5OaXR5xIFuYW5kYSBNacWbcmE8YnI+TWVtYmVy
> LCBBZHZpc29yeSBDb3VuY2lsLCBKYWdhZGd1cnUgUmFtYmhhZHJhY2hhcnlh
> IEhhbmRpY2FwcGVkIFVuaXZlcnNpdHk8YnI+Q2hpdHJha29vdCwgVXR0YXIg
> UHJhZGVzaCwgSW5kaWE8YnI+PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cDovL25taXNyYS5nb29n
> bGVwYWdlcy5jb20iIHRhcmdldD0iX2JsYW5rIj5odHRwOi8vbm1pc3JhLmdv
> b2dsZXBhZ2VzLmNvbTwvYT48YnI+CjxhIGhyZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9qYWdhZGd1
> cnVyYW1iaGFkcmFjaGFyeWEub3JnL2RvbmF0ZS5waHAiIHRhcmdldD0iX2Js
> YW5rIj5odHRwOi8vamFnYWRndXJ1cmFtYmhhZHJhY2hhcnlhLm9yZy9kb25h
> dGUucGhwIDwvYT48YnI+PGJyPnx8IOCkhuCkpOCljeCkruCkviDgpKTgpKTg
> pY3gpKTgpY3gpLXgpK7gpLjgpL8g4KS24KWN4KS14KWH4KSk4KSV4KWH4KSk
> 4KWLIHx8PGJyPihUaG91IGFydCBmcm9tL2Zvci9vZi9pbiBUaGF0IMSAdG1h
> biwgTyDFmnZldGFrZXR1KTxicj7CoCDCoMKgIC0g4bma4bmjaSBVZGTEgWxh
> a2EgdG8gaGlzIHNvbiwgQ2jEgW5kb2d5b3BhbmnhuaNhZCA2LjguNywgVGhl
> IFPEgW1hIFZlZGE8YnI+Cgo8cD48L3A+DQoNCi0tIDxiciAvPg0K4KSo4KS/
> 4KSw4KS+4KS24KWA4KSw4KWN4KSo4KS/4KSw4KWN4KSu4KSu4KWLIOCkreCl
> guCkpOCljeCkteCkviDgpK/gpYHgpKfgpY3gpK/gpLjgpY3gpLUg4KS14KS/
> 4KSX4KSk4KSc4KWN4KS14KSw4KSD4KWk4KWkICjgpK0u4KSX4KWALik8YnIg
> Lz4NCnRvIHN1YnNjcmliZSBnbyB0byB0aGUgbGluayBiZWxvdyBhbmQgcHV0
> IGEgcmVxdWVzdDxiciAvPg0KPGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ncm91cHMuZ29v
> Z2xlLmNvbS9ncm91cC9idnBhcmlzaGF0L3N1YnNjcmliZSI+aHR0cHM6Ly9n
> cm91cHMuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS9ncm91cC9idnBhcmlzaGF0L3N1YnNjcmliZTwv
> YT48YnIgLz4NClRvIHVuc3Vic2NyaWJlIGZyb20gdGhpcyBncm91cCwgc2Vu
> ZCBlbWFpbCB0bzxiciAvPg0KYnZwYXJpc2hhdCt1bnN1YnNjcmliZUBnb29n
> bGVncm91cHMuY29tPGJyIC8+DQoK
>
> --bcaec553fef6fe632704ce9fa81a--

[Dr. P. Ramanujan]

मान्याः नित्यानन्दवर्याः,

ओभावश्च विवृतिश्च शषसा रेफ
एव च ।
जिह्वामूलमुपध्मा च
गतिरष्टविधोष्मणः ।। इति
पाणिनीयशिक्षायाम् ।

अत्र रुत्वस्य ओभाव इति,
विसर्गलोपस्य विवृतिरिति,
शषसकारपरे
शषसाः, इजादौ परे रेफः,
कुप्वोः परयोः
जिह्वामूलीयोपध्मानीयाविति
।

एषु रेफविषये अग्निर्ऋषिः,

अग्निर्ऋतुः,

शचीपतिर्ऋषभेण, निर्ऋतिः,
नैर्ऋतं ..
रथीर्ऋतस्य, तनूर्ऋध्यासम्,
ऋषेर्ऋषेः
इत्यादिदृष्टान्ताः
तैत्तिरीये ।

विरलोच्चारणं तैत्तिरीये
यद्यपि शिष्टः ऋगादिवेदेषु
पूर्वेभिर्ऋषिभिः
इत्यादिषु यदि तन्न
स्यात्तर्हि
ईदृशाक्षरयोगः (र्ऋ)
युज्येतेति ममाकूतम् ।

रामानुजः
On Sat, Nov 17, 2012, Nityanand Misra <nmi...@gmail.com> said:

> भूदेवरामानुजवर्याः

On Saturday, November 17, 2012 9:51:46 AM UTC+8, Ramanujam CDAC/B wrote:
>
> सामान्यतः पाणिनिशिक्षोक्त
> ऊष्मणः अष्टविधगतिषु
>

अत्र का अष्टविधगतयः।
नतभाले बाले कृपां कृत्वा
विवृण्वन्तु।

> विसर्गपर-ऋकारस्थाने
> विसर्गस्य रेफभावे
> एतस्याक्षरविन्यासस्य
> प्रयोगः इष्टः ।
>

पाणिनीयशास्त्रेऽस्यापवादोऽवर्णपर
ऋवर्णपरो रुः। अवर्णपर
इत्युक्ते
तत्पुरुषसमासः, ऋवर्णपर
इत्युक्ते तु बहुव्रीहिः।

तत्र *भोभगोअघोअपूर्वस्य
योऽशि* (8-3-17) इत्यनेन रोः यो
भवति, तदनन्तरं यस्य
वैकल्पिकलोपो *लोपः
शाकल्यस्य* (8-3-19) इत्यनेन
सूत्रेण भवति। यथा

सः + ऋषिः = स ऋषिः (यस्य
वैकल्पिकलोपप्राप्तौ)
सः + ऋषिः = सयृषिः (यस्य
लोपाप्राप्तौ)

ताः + ऋषिकाः = ता ऋषिकाः (यस्य
वैकल्पिकलोपप्राप्तौ)
ताः + ऋषिकाः = तायृषिकाः (यस्य
लोपाप्राप्तौ)

अस्योदाहरणमपि
श्रीभार्गवराघवीये
वसन्ततिलकायां पश्यन्तु

भूयो वसिष्ठमतमेत्य स
ऋष्यशृङ्गः
पुत्रेष्टिमारभत पुत्रफलां
फलेप्सुः ।
भक्त्या जुहाव हुतहव्यभुजां
वरिष्ठो मन्त्रैरथर्वशिरसो
हविषेव धाता ॥ ११-५६ ॥

अत्र सः + ऋष्यशृङ्गः इति
स्थितौ यत्वशाकल्यलोपयोः "स
ऋष्यशृङ्गः" इति
छन्दोऽनुसारिरूपं
जातम्।

विप्रचरणानुरागी
मिश्रोपाख्यो नित्यानन्दः

--
निराशीर्निर्ममो भूत्वा
युध्यस्व विगतज्वरः।। (भ.गी.)
> to subscribe go to the link below and put a request
> https://groups.google.com/group/bvparishat/subscribe
> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to
> bvparishat+...@googlegroups.com