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Dear practitioners,First, let us recollect the words of the great sage Vyasa in the Mahabharata - 1.1.204 इतिहास पुराणाभ्यां वेदं समुपबृंहयेत |
बिभेत्य अल्पश्रुताद वेदॊ माम अयं परतरिष्यति| - The Veda is afraid of interpretations by so-called scholars who provide tangential meanings. The very purpose behind compiling the Itihasas and Puranas is to throw light on the Vedas, the mantras and sacrifices contained therein, and the deities to be worshiped etc.Within the Itihasas, the earliest evidence we find of deity worship and/or existence of a temple is in the Ramayana, Ayodhya kanda where Lord Rama worshipped Lord Narayana before His coronation ceremony in the following slokas:शेषं च हविषस्तस्य प्राश्याशास्यात्मनः प्रियम् |
ध्यायन्नारायणं देवं स्वास्तीर्णे कुशसंस्तरे || २-६-३
वाग्यतः सह वैदेह्या भूत्वा नियतमानसः |
श्रीमत्यायतने विष्णोः शिश्ये नरवरात्मजः || २-६-४In tradition, this deity of Lord Narayana is believed to be originally handed over to Lord Brahma by Lord Vishnu Himself which came to the kings in the Ikshvaku dynasty which got later handed over to Vibhishana and is now consecrated and being worshipped as Lord Ranganatha in Sri Rangam.In the Puranas, we find that Sri Krishna Himself explains about deity installation and worship in the Uddhava Gita in the verses beginning with:11.27.7 (Bhag P):vaidikas tAntrikO miSra iti me tri-vidho makhahtrayANAm ipsitenaiva vidhinA mAm samarchayet11.27.9 (Bhag P):archAyAm sthanDile'gnau vA sUrye vApshu hridi dvijahdravyeNa bhakti-yuktO'rchet sva-gurum mAm amAyayAetc. Interested readers may go through that entire adhyaya.
Second, Sabara Swamin himself and the scholars of all the three traditions - advaita (Shankaracharya see Br Sutras 3.3.43 - तदुक्तं सङ्कर्षे — ‘नाना वा देवता पृथग्ज्ञानात्’ इति ।), dvaita (Madhwacharya, Jaya tirtha), and vishishtadvaita (Vedanta Desika) have acknowledged the existence of madhyama mimamsa a.k.a. sankarsha kanda or devata kanda which talks about devatas and their various modes of worship.
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/bvparishat/isTTwlbO_3w That which appears within brackets [ ] are added here in clarification/translation of Sanskrit lines.
Vidwan Sri Korada Subrahmanyam’s post in 2013:
Quote:
// नमो विद्वद्भ्यः
Samkaracarya and Ramanujacarya quoted सङ्कर्ष(ण)काण्डसूत्रम् in प्रदानाधिकरणम् – सू . प्रदानवदेव तदुक्तम् (3-3-28-43) –
शां भा – तदुक्तं सङ्कर्षे – नना वा देवतापृथकग्ज्ञानात् इति ।
भाष्यरत्नप्रभा –
संकर्षो देवताकाण्डम् ।
न्यायनिर्णयः –
संकृष्यते कर्मकाण्डस्थमेव अवशिष्टं कर्म संक्षिप्य उच्यते इति संकर्षो देवताकाण्डम् , तस्मिन्निति यावत् ।
[Anandagiri, to the commentary of Shankara, says: the word ‘sankarSha’ is derived thus: the remnant portion of karma that is actually part of the karmakANDa is summarized (sankRuShyate) and this is called ‘devatAkANDa’]
अप्पय्यदीक्षिताः परिमळे –
यद्यपि संकर्षकाण्डो न देवताविचारार्थं प्रवर्तितः । किन्तु द्वादशलक्षण्यविचारितनानाविषयन्यायविचारात्मकः तत्परिशिष्टः , तन्त्रप्रसङ्गवत् उपदेशातिदेशसाधारण्येन प्रकीर्णकः प्रवर्तितः । न हि तत्र देवताविचारेण उपक्रम उपसंहारो वास्ति । …… तथापि संकर्षे देवताविधानरहितेषु उपांशुयाजादिषु देवता अस्ति न वा , प्रयाजादिषु देवतावाचिनः समिद्बर्हिरादिशब्दाः दर्शपूर्णमासाङ्गप्रसिद्धसमिद्बर्हिरादिपराः तदन्यपरा वा ….. इत्यादिदेवताविचारभूयस्त्वात् भूम्ना संकर्षकाण्डस्यैव देवताकाण्डा इत्यपि व्यवहारो’स्तीति तस्य तेनोपादानम् ।
[Appayya Dikshita says in the Parimala:The Sankarsha’ kANDa is not initiated to discuss about devata. The portions not included in the 12-chapter main purva mimamsa shAstra is discussed here in the Sankarsha’ kANDa. There is neither a discussion of devata-s in the beginning – upakarama, or at the end, upasamhara, of the Sankarsha’ kANDa. Yet, since there is a lot of discussion as to whether there is a devata involved in certain shrouta karmas or not, etc. this Sankarsha’ kANDa has an appellation that it is devatA kANda.]
श्रीभाष्ये —
तदुक्तं संकर्षणे – नाना वा देवतापृथक्त्वात् ।
2.तदाह वृत्तिकारः – वृत्तात् कर्माधिगमादनन्तरं ब्रह्मविविदिषेति ।
3.संहितमेतच्छारीरकं जैमिनीयेन षोडशलक्षणेनेति (कर्मब्रह्मशास्त्रयोः ऐकशास्र्यम् – see महावाक्यविचारः for details)
निगमान्तदेशिकाः – शतदूषणी —
देवताकाण्डशेषतया श्रीभाष्यकारैः परिगृहीतम् । ’तदुक्तं संकर्षे’ इति हि सूत्राण्युदाहरन्ति।
[Sri Vedanta Desika in the ShatadUShaNI alludes to the Sribhashya citing the sutra from devatA/sankarsha kaanda]
वेदान्तसारः – श्रीरामानुजाः —
अधीतवेदस्य हि पुरुषस्य कर्मप्रतिपादनोपक्रमत्वात् वेदानां कर्मविचारः प्रथमं कार्य इति ’अथातो धर्मजिज्ञासा’ इत्युक्तम् । कर्मणां च प्रकृतिविकृतिरूपाणां धर्मार्थकामरूपपुरुषार्थसाधनतानिश्चयः , ’प्रभुत्वादार्त्विज्यम् इत्यन्तेन’ ।
प्रस्थानभेदे मधुसूदनसरस्वती —
तथा सङ्कर्षकाण्डमध्यायचतुष्टयात्मकं जैमिनिप्रणीतम् । तच्च देवताकाण्डसंज्ञया प्रसिद्धमपि उपासनाख्यकर्मप्रतिपादकत्वात् कर्ममीमांसार्गतमेव ।
शबरस्वामी (10-4-32) —
स्विष्टकृद्विकारश्च वनस्पतिरिति संकर्षे वक्ष्यते ।
द्वादशाध्याये —
ननु नैव पशोर्हविष्कृदस्ति औषधार्था अवहननार्था वा यथा पत्नी तुल्यवच्छ्रूयते इति संकर्षे वक्ष्यति ।
So here , Sriramanuja , by quoting the first Sutra of पूर्वमीमांसा and the last Sutra (प्रभुत्वात्…) of Samkarsanakanda , it can be surmised that – according to Ramanuja the षोडशलक्षणी is applicable to कर्म ।
वेदार्थसंग्रहे रामानुजाः —
अश्रुतवेदान्तानां कर्मण्यश्रद्धा मा भूदिति देवताधिकरणे अतिवादाः कृताः, कर्ममात्रे यथा श्रद्धां कुर्यादिति सर्वमेकं शास्त्रमिति वेदवित्सिद्धान्तः।
आगमप्रामाण्ये यामुनाचार्याः –
भगवतो जैमिनेः कर्मणः फलोपन्यासःकर्मश्रद्धासंवर्धनाय ।
Scholars feel that – it is विंशतिलक्षणी मीमांसा – षोडशलक्षणी शबरस्वामिप्रणीता (जैमिनिप्रणीता – this correction has been incorporated here after consulting the author of this post, who acknowledged that it was an error during typing the post), चतुर्लक्ष्णी बादरायणप्रणीता ।
Even present day Visistadvaitins feel that Kasakrtsna was not at all the author of Sankarsakanda.
प्रस्तावना (p xx) by समुद्राल वेन्कटरङ्गरामानुजाचार्युलु (Editor) – Samkarsakanda of Jaimini Muni (Sri Venkateswara Vedic Uni , Tirupati, 2009 —
एवंच सङ्कर्षकाण्डकर्तृत्वविषये जैमिनिकर्तृत्वं काशकृत्स्नकर्तृत्वमिति द्विधा अभिप्रायभेदे सति , कृत्स्नस्य देवताकाण्डस्य षोडशाध्यायस्य जैमिनिप्रणीतत्वकथनमेव समुचितं प्रतिभाति ।
श्रीभाष्यकारादिवचनानुसारेण , तत्पूर्वतनशाङ्करवचनानुसारेण , पूर्वतन्त्रभाष्यादिवचनेन च तथैव प्र्तिपन्नत्वात् ।
विशिष्टाद्वैत does not have any special interest in सङ्कर्षणकाण्ड ।
The only thing to note is they have too much of respect for वेदान्तदेशिक / निगमान्तदेशिक ।
I have a copy of सङ्कर्षकाण्ड with a commentary , भाट्टदीपिका (भाट्टच्न्द्रिका), of भास्करराय ( S S V Vedic Uni, Tirupati, 2009).
Since Devatakanda is in the middle of विंशतिशलक्षणी , some may style it – मध्यमकाण्ड also .
There are two available commentaries on Samkarsakanda – by Devaswami and by Bhaskararaya.
The later mostly depends on the former and follows भाट्टचन्द्रिका of Khandadeva .
Any more doubts are welcome.
धन्यो’स्मि
Prof.Korada Subrahmanyam
Professor of Sanskrit,
CALTS,
University of Hyderabad 500046
Ph:09866110741(R),91-40-23010741,040-23133660(O)
Unquote
Here is an article by Dr.Mani Dravid Sastrinah on the topic: http://www.mediafire.com/file/9i9vok9nj6j21cv/daivamimamsa.pdf%C2%A0
The gist of all the above is: The 'sankarsha kanda' is a part of the Purvamimamsa, dealing with karma and not of the upasana of devatas.
warm regards
subrahmanian.v
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