How to write Mountain or mountain

[N.R.Joshi]

Jan 13, 2016

 

Respected scholars, Namaskar!

 

First Shubhecccaa for Makara Sankranti Jan 14.

 

Now question--

 

I come across expression like this---(1) Himalaya Mountain,

                                                          (2)Himalaya Mountains,

                                                          (3)Himalya mountain,

                                                          (4)Himalaya mountains.

 

Which one is correct way ? Again MS Word keeps its corrections

 

Please help. N.R.Joshi

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[Nityanand Misra]

On Thursday, 14 January 2016 04:34:17 UTC+5:30, Nanasaheb wrote:

Jan 13, 2016

 

Respected scholars, Namaskar!

 

First Shubhecccaa for Makara Sankranti Jan 14.

 

Now question--

 

I come across expression like this---(1) Himalaya Mountain,

                                                          (2)Himalaya Mountains,

                                                          (3)Himalya mountain,

                                                          (4)Himalaya mountains.

 

Which one is correct way ? Again MS Word keeps its corrections

 

Please help. N.R.Joshi

Specific to this case, Himalaya is a mountain range and not a single mountain. So the plural should be used without the capitalization. 

In general, capitalization in such cases depends to some extent on the style guide you follow. You may want to refer a style manual. Please find attached the section on Topographical Divisions (8.52) in the Chicago Manual of Style (16th edition). 

[sadasivamurty rani]

1. Mountain is mountain only (should be written without capital letter in its beginning) since it is a common noun except when it is written at the beginning of a sentence.

2. As stated by Sri Nityananda Misra Ji Himalaya is "range of mountains" only. So on all general occasions it should be used as range of mountains only.

3. But in specific contexts its singular form also is often used:

"हिमालयो नाम नगाधिराज:" 

महेन्द्रो मलयस्सह्यो देवतात्मा हिमालय:।

ध्येयो रैवतको विन्ध्यो गिरिश्चारावलिस्तथा॥ etc.

In such instances using Himalaya mountain (in singular and with out capital beginning of mountain) is not wrong. 

These three are acceptable. 

4. The fourth one Himalaya Mountain is due to the eagerness of the writer to draw the attention of his readers. 

 Regards, 

Prof. Rani Sadasiva Murty

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From: Nityanand Misra <nmi...@gmail.com>
To: भारतीयविद्वत्परिषत् <bvpar...@googlegroups.com>
Sent: Thursday, 14 January 2016 6:12 AM
Subject: {भारतीयविद्वत्परिषत्} Re: How to write Mountain or mountain

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[N.R.Joshi]

Jan 14, 2016

 

Thank you Dr.R.S.murty and Shree N.Misra for help. Shubha Sankranti. N.R.Joshi

[Rakesh Das]

As per my knowledge Himalaya is called as a "mountain range".

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इत्थं सश्रद्धं निवेदयति
राकेश दाशः

Rakesh Das
Asst. Professor
Dept. of Sanskrit Studies
Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda University
Belur Math Howrah.

वंशीविभूषितकरान्नवनीरदाभात्
पीताम्बरादरुणबिम्बफलाधरोष्ठात्।
पूर्णेन्दुसुन्दरमुखादरविन्दनेत्रात्
कृष्णात्परं किमपि तत्त्वमहं न जाने।।
भारत माता की जय

[Satish Kumar Dogra]

'The Himalayan mountains' would be the correct way of putting it.

'Himalayan' is the adjective from 'Himalayas'. It qualifies 'mountains'.

The 'm' of 'mountains' cannot be capital because it is not a proper noun, but a common noun. 

Regards,

Dogra 

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[N.R.Joshi]

Jan 15, 2016

 

Thanks Satish Dogra and Rakesh Das for help on mountain.

NRJOSHI

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[Subrahmanyam Korada]

नमो विद्वद्भ्यः

If there is उद्भूतावयवभेद - if you have a विवक्षा to refer to the  अवयवs (mountains) then it is mountains - Himalayas .

Rather if you want to refer to a  single range it is Himalaya.

तिरुमल (Tamil -  तिरु मलै = श्रीपर्वतः) is referred to as सप्तपर्वताः / seven hills and also as तिरुमलकोण्ड (Telugu) - Tirumala hill.

This is discussed  in शास्त्रs - वृक्षाः / वनम्  etc.  There is difference in terms of wording though.

धन्यो’स्मि

Dr.Korada Subrahmanyam
Professor of Sanskrit, CALTS,
University of Hyderabad,
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[Satish Kumar Dogra]

When we refer to all the mountains together, we call it The Himalayas.

If you refer to a particular mountain, you may refer to it as a mountain, such as the Kanchanjunga mountain.

Since all the mountains in Himalayas are taken as a range of mountains, one generally talks of the Himalayan Range.

Himalaya is never used in singular. You may talk of Himalayan heights, but then Himalayan is an adjective and not a noun.

Regards,

Dogra

[sadasivamurty rani]

I. As far as I have observed in Sanskrit Literature the word Himalaya is always used in singular number only. 

१. अस्त्त्युत्तरस्यां दिशि देवतात्मा

   हिमालयो नाम नगाधिराज:। - कुमारसम्भवम् ।

२. महेन्द्रो मलयस्सह्यो देवतात्मा हिमालय:।

   ध्येयो रैवतकॊ विन्ध्यो गिरिश्चारावलिस्तथा। - नारदपुराणम्

३. उतरं यत्समुद्रस्य हिमाद्रेश्चैव दक्षिणम्।

   वर्षं तत् भारतं नाम भारती अत्र सन्तति:॥ - विष्णुपुराणम्

४. आलोकयन्नदीं पुण्यान्तसमीपहृतश्रम:।

   स गच्छन्नेव ददृशे हिमवन्तं महगिरिम्॥ - मत्स्यपुराणम्

५. उत्तरत: कैलासो हिमवान् वसुमान् गिरिधनुष्मंश्च।

   क्रौञ्चो मेरु: कुरवस्तथोत्तरा: क्षुद्रमीनाश्च॥ - बृहत्संहितायाम् (कूर्मविभागाध्याये)

६. हिमवद्विन्ध्ययोर्मध्यं यत्प्राग्विनशनादपि।

  प्रत्यगेव प्रयागाच्च मध्यदेश: प्रकीर्तित:॥ - मनुस्मृति: द्वितीयोऽध्यय: २१ श्लोक:

2. I could not see even a single instance in Ancient Sanskrit literature where Himalaya is used in plural.

3. But we come across the usages like: Himalayan Range, Himalayas etc in modern geographical texts which were  written under western influence. Only westernized Books on English Geography we can see the plural form of Himalyas. 

 

4. More over " Himalayan" the adjective form of Himalaya is not there in Standard English Dictionaries. It is anglicized Indian word. 

These are a few of my observations related to the present context. I request the scholars to shed light on the validity of these observations.

Regards,  

Prof. Rani Sadasiva Murty

From: Satish Kumar Dogra <dogra...@gmail.com>
To: bvpar...@googlegroups.com

Sent: Tuesday, 19 January 2016 7:07 PM

[Ajit Gargeshwari]

So far There has been no clarity are we talking about Sanskrit or English usages? The grammar and usages will be different in different languages. May I request any of our scholars to summarize the correct usages in English and Sanskrit and close the thread

Regards
Ajit Gargeshwari
न जायते म्रियते वा कदाचिन्नायं भूत्वा भविता वा न भूयः।
अजो नित्यः शाश्वतोऽयं पुराणो न हन्यते हन्यमाने शरीरे।।2.20।।

[Hnbhat B.R.]

In response to Murthyji's response, the question is about the usage of the Himalaya in the western language of the western people and any reference to the usage in the earliest Geographical Accounts by the wester Georaphists would settle the question and not by the standards of Kalidasa in Sanskrit language and not by the use by the Indian writers in Indian English. One can refer to any such uage by RK Narayan, Ravindranatha Tagore or Sarojni Naidu.

The quoted passage itself suggests Himalaya, king of a range of mountains. नगाधिराजः if taken literally, the geographical position. It is Sanskrit language and poetic language. ProfKorda ha suggested the possibility of plurality like वृक्षाः, and वनम् in Sanskrit language itself.