Origin of the following slokas/mantras

[Raghav]

Dear scholars,

I am curious to understand the origin of the following slokas/mantras that are often quoted together but have no apparent connection with each other as a couplet.

1. shivAya vishNu rUpAya shiva rUpAya vishNavE

2. shivascha hridayam vishNuh vishNoscha hridayagm shivam

I have heard from some that they appear as part of sandhyA vandana. I belong to the Krishna Yajur Veda shakha and these are not part of what I recite everyday at least in the tradition I have been handed down. I understand there are several traditions and am curious if this is part of anyone's sandhya vandana ritual. Even so, they must be originally from some section of the Veda/Itihasas/Puranas. I'd be curious to know the original Veda/Itihasa/Purana from which they came to be part of sandhya.

Appreciate your help!

DhanyavAdah

--

Raghav Karumur

Researcher in Oriental studies

[Raghav Karumur]

[shankara]

Namaste,

This verse is from Skandopanishad.

https://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_upanishhat/skandaupan.html

regards
shankara

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[V Subrahmanian]

These lines occur in many puranas and Mahabharata with some variations:

पद्मपुराणम्/खण्डः २ (भूमिखण्डः)/अध्यायः ०७१

https://sa.wikisource.org/s/w1k

शिवाय विष्णुरूपाय शिवरूपाय विष्णवे ॥ २० ॥

शिवस्य हृदयं विष्णुर्विष्णोश्च हृदयं शिवः । 

They occur in Skandopanishat with this full form which is recited by Kannada and Telugu Smarta-s  during their Sandhya vandanam thrice a day.  

शिवाय विष्णुरूपाय शिवरूपाय विष्णवे ।
शिवस्य हृदयं विष्णुः विष्णोश्च हृदयं शिवः ॥ ८॥
यथा शिवमयो विष्णुरेवं विष्णुमयः शिवः ।
यथान्तरं न पश्यामि तथा मे स्वस्तिरायुषि ॥ ९॥

regards

subbu

 

Appreciate your help!

DhanyavAdah

--

Raghav Karumur

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[Mathukumalli Vidyasagar]

Dear Shri Raghav,

1. It is definitely a part of the sandhyavandanam that I recite.  I am also an adherent of the Krishna Yajurveda Shakha.

2. The book I have for the sandhyavandanam has citations for most of the prayers, but not for this one!  Instead, there is an annotation that "Though this is not a mantra, it is customary to recite this." 

3. The book is Sanskrit in Telugu script, with diacritical marks, and meanings in Telugu.  It is published in 1964 by VaaviLLA Ramaswamy Sastrulu & Sons who are considered the last word in such things.

Hope this helps and best wishes.  Please feel free to write back as needed.

Sagar

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[Mathukumalli Vidyasagar]

Thank you Shri Shankara!  Much appreciated.

Sagar

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[Aravinda Rao]

Namaskars, 

Sometime ago I explained the sandhyavandanam in a small book on the occasion of the upanayanam of my grandson. It may please be seen.

Aravinda Rao

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[kenp]

Shiva or Vishnu : Who’s Supreme ?

https://themythologicalboy.wordpress.com/2020/08/23/shiva-or-vishnu-whos-supreme/

[Raghav]

Thank you all, for all the references you have provided! A few more questions arise in my mind as I review all of these.

1. Skandopanishad appears to be part of the same Krishna yajurveda but is not one of the principal Upanishads. Wondering if it was ever commented upon or mentioned by Shankara Bhagavatpada in any of his bhashyas? Also, could someone here also clarify why Vyasa chose only certain Upanishads as the crux of what needs to be part of Brahmasutras? What is the origin of the concept of "Principal/dasa Upanishads"? Why were a few selected as principal and were chosen to be commented upon by the principal acharyas of the three principal traditions - dvaita, advaita, and vishistadvaita?

3. Shri Vidyasagar ji - thank you for the mention. Could you please provide a title of the text you have so that I could try and grab a copy of it? Interestingly, several other commentaries on sandhya vandana does not seem to contain it. Two books on sandhya vandanam in Telugu were published prior to 1920 (one that I have reprinted in 2012). One is called "purANokta sandhyA vandanam" and the other one is called “Krishna Pandita virachita nirNaya kalpa vallAyAkhya taittiriya sandhya bhashyam”. (This should clearly be yajur veda!) both likely present the andhra/kannada paddhati smArta sandhyA. Neither of them either the mulam or the telugu anuvada seem to contain this mantra/sloka. The "sandhyA bhAShya samucchaya" published in Devanagari by Anandashrama press also does not seem to contain this.

4. Aravinda ji - thank you for sharing the elaborate document - I have gone through this - one thing that is still not clear to me is why this mantra or sloka needs to be even remembered as part of sandhya vandana ritual. The purpose of the ritual as I understand is to meditate on the surya mandala antarvarti thrice a day. There is a necessity for marjanam, avahanam, gayatri dhyanam, and upasthanam. Why is the question of the difference or similarity between specifically these two i.e., - Shiva and Vishnu even relevant in the sandhya ritual? Even if it is, why just these two - Shiva and Vishnu? Why not all three - Brahma, Vishnu, and Maheshwara (as in namah savitre jagadeka chakshushe.. virinchi-narayana- shankarAtmane that some recite). At least, the latter seems to convey the idea that one principal Brahman is the inner Self of all deities or all the three sandhyas whereas the former is targeted at these two. Is it then, just a custom introduced at a later point?

5. Shri Shankara ji and Shri Subramanian ji - thank you so much for the citations!! Deeply appreciate it. I have gone through the sections but it is unclear how this could be grammatically fit into the passages. The passage "Shivaya vishnu rupaya" has a series of chaturthi vibhaktis. They don't have an object associated with them (something like a "namah") either in verses prior or posterior to this passage like it does in "namo vai brahma nidhaye vAshishtAya namo namah". Could someone clarify if I am missing something here? 

Many thanks to all the scholars who responded!

[Mathukumalli Vidyasagar]

Dear Shri Raghav,

I am attaching a scan of the front cover.  It says "Yajurveda Sandhya Vandanamu".  It is published by VaviLLa Ramaswami Sastrulu & Sons in 1970.  I didn't want to scan the actual poem as the book is in a very fragile state, but the two shlokas are at the bottom of page 59.  I wish you success in locating it if at all possible.  The book says that only 2,000 copies were published, which seems to me a pitifully small number.

I might mention that my upanayanam was in 1957 -- sixty five years ago.  This book did not exist then.  Whatever book I learnt from has now faded completely from my memory.

Best regards.

Sagar

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[Subrahmanyam Korada]

नमो विद्वद्भ्यः

सन्ध्यावन्दनम् - the details are discussed several times earlier .

स्वाध्यायब्रह्मणम्  ( तैत्तिरीयारण्यकम् - द्वितीयः प्रश्नः ) mostly deals with this नित्यकर्म ।

There are three main प्रधानाङ्गानि  in सन्ध्यावन्दनम् -- अर्घ्यप्रदानम् - गायत्रीजपः - उपस्थानम् ।

मार्जनम् etc are अङ्गकलापः।

’नित्ये यथाशक्त्यङ्गानुष्ठानाधिकरणम्’  (पूर्वमीमांसा 6-3-1) says - should there be some inconvenience one may perform some portions of नित्यकर्म -- among them अर्घ्यप्रदानम् is the most important --

सूतके मृतके चैव सन्ध्याकर्म न संत्यजेत् ।

मनसोच्चारयेन्मन्त्रान् प्राणायाममृते द्विजः  ॥  स्मृतिः

प्राणायामं विना मानसिकम् अन्यत्  कार्यम् --पराशरमाधवीये 

In the above quoted अधिकाराध्याय it is stated -- since the नित्यकर्मs have to be performed lifelong -- 

अहरहः सन्ध्यामुपासीत ( गृह्यसूत्रम्) - सन्ध्यां मनसा ध्यायेत् ( ऐतरेयब्राह्मणम् 3-8-1) । 

यावज्जीवम् औपासनं होष्यामि ।  यावज्जीवम् अग्निहोत्रं जुहोति । (यावज्जीवम् - णमुल् - ’ यावति विन्दजीवोः ’ पा 3-4-30 ) |

So they can be performed as per शक्ति / सामर्थ्यम् । 

काम्यकर्मs have to be performed fully - साङ्गप्रधानानुष्ठानम् ।

देवप्रस्थापनान्तं स्यात् सन्ध्याकर्मेत्युदीरितम् -- सन्ध्याकर्म ends with प्रस्थापनम् ( मित्रस्य -- आसत्येन -- इमं मे वरुण ) । 

शिवाय विष्णुरूपाय etc is not  part of सन्ध्यावन्दनम् ।

माध्याह्निकसन्ध्या  is prescribed in स्मृतिs not श्रुति ।

It is still an undecided issue as to how many verses are there in स्कन्दपुराणाम् etc । It is a waste of time .

धन्यो’स्मि

Dr.Korada Subrahmanyam
Adju.Professor , Dept of Heritage Science and Technology, IIT, Hyderabad

299 Doyen , Serilingampally, Hyderabad 500 019
Ph:09866110741

Skype Id: Subrahmanyam Korada

Blog: Koradeeyam.blogspot.in 

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[Raghav K]

Shri Subrahmanyam ji,

Thank you for your conclusive answer on this topic. Truly appreciate all the references you have provided. This has answered all my questions. 

Kind regards,

Raghav

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[Raghav K]

Shri Vidyasagar ji,

Thank you for providing the text.

Kind regards, 

Raghav

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[Mathukumalli Vidyasagar]

My pleasure!🙏

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[bk jagadish]

Thank you so much for sharing such a valuable book. 

Humble Pranams

jagadish

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