Sentence exist without a तिङ्गन्ता?

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Sriram Nagesh Nookala

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Jan 25, 2023, 3:56:44 AM1/25/23
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Namo Namah Samskritam Experts,

I want to find out under what circumstances can a sentence not have a तिङ्गन्ता

Background: Every sentence can be classified in two ways:
1. Sentence = Subject + (optionally Object) + Action
2. Sentence = Subject + Predicate (Other than Subject in a sentence is called Predicate)

Below we will see some examples "2" (means: Subject + Predicate). In these, we donot see a Verb.
Examples:
• रामेण  फलानि खादितानि । “The fruit were eaten by Rāma.”
• रामो वने उषितः । “Rāma dwelled in the forest.”
• रामो ग्रामं गतः । “Rāma went to the village.”

Here the participles are active in agreeing their verbs’ agent (1SM with Rāma)

Am curious to know: What is special about these sentences that they exist without a Verb used as "तिङ्गन्ता" but used as a कृदन्ता?

To get an answer for that let's look at the कृदन्ता above.
1. खादितानि = खाद् +क्त = खादितम् Plural
2. उषितः= उष् + क्त (उषँ दाहे - भ्वादिः - सेट्)
3. गतः = गम् + क्त ( गमॢँ गतौ - भ्वादिः - अनिट्)

Questions are:
1. What is special about these that they form a complete sentence without a Verb?
2. When can a sentence exist without a तिङ्गन्ता? 

Regards,
Nagesh
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