Study of bike infrastructure and bike-traffic safety
Steve Norman
Why Bicycle Deaths in New York City Are at a 23-Year High
By Keith Collins March 5, 2024, 3:00 a.m. ET
Last year was the deadliest year for cyclists in New York City since 1999, according to new data from the city’s Department of Transportation. Most of the 30 cyclists who died in 2023 were riding electric bikes, which have proliferated on city streets in recent years. A total of 23 people died riding e-bikes, which is more than double the previous record for e-bike fatalities.
Cyclist deaths in New York City
Traditional bicycles 30 deaths
25 20 15 10
E-bikes
23
5
7
2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 Source: New York City Department of Transportation • By The New York Times
Serious injuries among cyclists went up last year as well, according to preliminary data compiled by the Department of Transportation. A total of 395 cyclists were severely injured, including 79 who were riding e-bikes. That’s about 50 more serious injuries than the previous year.
Despite this uptick, the overall rate of fatalities and serious injuries among cyclists has been trending downward for many years, suggesting that riding a bicycle in New York City has become safer over the long term. As of 2022, the rate of deaths and severe injuries was about 16 per 10 million bike rides, according to the preliminary data — down from about 34 per 10 million rides a decade earlier.
Historically, most people who have died riding bicycles in New York City were killed in collisions with cars and trucks on streets that did not have bike lanes, and that was the case last year as well. According to a New York Times analysis of preliminary police reports about the 30 deaths, most of the cyclists who died in 2023 collided with automobiles in areas without bike infrastructure, regardless of the type of bike they were riding.
The rise in electric bike deaths does not appear to be the result of an increase in e-bike ridership, at least not entirely, according to the Department of Transportation. And although the most visible e-bike users in New York may be delivery workers and Citi Bike riders, the majority of people who died on e-bikes
last year were neither. Only one delivery worker died from an e-bike crash, according to the department, and four people died using electric Citi Bikes, according to Lyft, which owns the bike share program.
There was one factor that contributed to last year’s spike in e-bike deaths that may suggest a shifting dynamic on the road: nearly a third of the e-bike riders who died crashed or fell without any apparent interference from a vehicle or pedestrian.
How New York City cyclists died in 2023 23 e-bike riders
11 were in collisions with trucks.
4 were in collisions with cars.
7 crashed or fell without colliding with another vehicle or pedestrian.
This included the only delivery worker who died on a bike in 2023.
1 was uncategorized.
Source: New York City Department of Transportation •
7 traditional bike riders
4 were in collisions with trucks.
2 were in collisions with cars.
1 collided with pedestrian. By The New York Times
Solo bike accidents are not a new phenomenon, but the seven e-bike riders who died this way last year represent a significant increase over previous years, said Vincent Barone, the press secretary for the Department of Transportation.
The department does not know what is behind this spate of fatal solo accidents, but is looking for ways to improve safety and keep pace with the rapid changes e-bikes have brought to the city’s streets, Mr. Barone said.
“We have been updating our street designs with creative new solutions, such as wider bike lanes that better accommodate traditional and electric bikes, as well as our educational outreach and enforcement approaches to better reflect the swift and dramatic changes in technology,” he added.
The speed of e-bikes could be a factor, as could rider inexperience, said Sara Lind, an executive director at Open Plans, a group that advocates “livable streets.”
“There may be a learning curve that some first-time e-bike riders aren’t prepared for,” Ms. Lind said. “It’s very possible that that learning curve, combined with the speed of the bike, exacerbates already confusing or chaotic conditions. Navigating a pothole or a suddenly blocked bike lane is more dangerous at a higher speed, emphasizing even more the need for better infrastructure as more people use e-bikes.”
Last November, the Department of Transportation and Lyft announced a plan to reduce the top speed of electric Citi Bikes to 18 miles per hour, down from 20. E- bikes, under the city’s classification, are any battery-powered bicycles that have pedals and a speed of 25 miles per hour or less.
While the fatal solo e-bike accidents may signal new risks on the road, most of the cyclist deaths last year reflected longstanding issues that the city has struggled with: collisions with automobiles on roads without bike infrastructure.
Most of the people who died in traffic last year were either in accidents with automobiles or were riding in one. Of the 102 pedestrians who died in traffic, only two died in collisions with e-bikes, according to the Department of Transportation; the rest were hit by cars and trucks.
Traffic deaths in New York City 180
160 140 120 100
80 60 40 20
2013 2015
Source: New York City Department of Transportation
Pedestrians 102
Automobile occupants 56
Motorcyclists 54
Cyclists 30
Other 19
2019 2021 2023 By The New York Times
2017
•
Among the cyclists who died in a collision with an automobile, most were hit by trucks, like S.U.V.s, pickups, larger box trucks or tractor-trailers. Overall, trucks were involved in half of last year’s 30 bike deaths. In at least six of those 15 incidents, the cyclist was killed by a truck that was turning at an intersection — usually making a right turn.
In one crash, which took place at about 11:30 a.m. on May 1, Adam Uster, 39, was riding a traditional bicycle, heading south in a bike lane on Franklin Street in Brooklyn, when he was hit by a flatbed truck as the truck turned right at an intersection.
A 39-year-old man was cycling south on Franklin Street in a marked bike lane.
Source: Preliminary police reports. Aerial image by Google Earth. • By The New York Times
Because they sit high up and have more blind spots, truck drivers often cannot see cyclists, who can get trapped between the trucks and curbs or parked cars, Mr. Barone said. The city’s bike lane designers have been working to address this issue, he said, with fixtures at intersections that force drivers to turn more slowly, rubber speed bumps and other measures.
Mr. Uster was one of the few cyclists who was riding in a bike lane when he was killed last year. More than two-thirds of the cyclists who died in traffic in 2023 were on roads that did not have bike lanes, according to the Department of Transportation, and at least two cyclists were on roads with “sharrows,” which are road markings indicating that cars and bicycles must share a lane. Critics say these markers are not enough to protect cyclists.
A flat-bed truck that was driving alongside the bicycle turned right at the intersection and hit the man.
“Paint is not protection,” Ms. Lind said. “Physically protected bike lanes are what actually keep cyclists safe.”
Sarah Schick, 37, was killed last year while riding on a road with sharrows. Ms. Schick was riding an electric Citi Bike on Ninth Street in Brooklyn around 7 a.m. in January. She had been riding in a dedicated bike lane that had ended and become a sharrow lane. After waiting at a traffic light, Ms. Schick and a box truck both proceeded in the narrow lane; they collided, and the truck ran her over.
Dedicated bike lane becomes shared lane
Cars and bikes are forced to merge
A woman on an electric Citi Bike proceeded into the intersection after waiting at the traffic light.
As a box truck passed the cyclist in the intersection, it struck the bike’s handlebars and the cyclist fell under the truck.
Source: Preliminary police reports. Aerial image by Google Earth. • By The New York Times
The city has been painting fewer sharrows in recent years, Mr. Barone said, but still uses them between segments of dedicated bike lanes.
Last year, the city added 33.2 miles of protected bike lanes, the most ever added in one year, Mr. Barone said, bringing the total to 689 miles of protected lanes.
Philip Miatkowski, the director of research and policy at Transportation Alternatives, a cyclist and pedestrian advocacy group, said that only about 3 percent of the city’s streets have bike lanes, and that the network is too disconnected.
“Oftentimes, there isn’t a protected bike lane that leads all the way up to your doorstep, so you’re going to have to go off the protected bike path,” Mr. Miatkowski said. “I think cyclists will, in the overwhelming number of instances, take the opportunities to take a protected bike lane if it is on their way, and safer, and not locked down or doesn’t have any obstructions.”
Keith Collins is a Times visual reporter and editor in the Graphics department. More about Keith Collins
Steve Norman
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