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Boyan Atanaschev
The State Fire Marshal is mandated to classify lands within State Responsibility Areas into Fire Hazard Severity Zones (FHSZ). Fire Hazard Severity Zones fall into one of the following classifications:
The California laws that require Fire Hazard Severity Zones include California Public Resources Code 4201-4204, California Code of Regulations Title 14, Section 1280 and California Government Code 51175-89.
The Fire Hazard Severity Zone (FHSZ) maps are developed using a science-based and field-tested model that assigns a hazard score based on the factors that influence fire likelihood and fire behavior. Many factors are considered such as fire history, existing and potential fuel (natural vegetation), predicted flame length, blowing embers, terrain, and typical fire weather for the area. There are three levels of hazard in the State Responsibility Areas: moderate, high, and very high.
You can enter your address to locate your property on a map showing Fire Hazard Severity Zones. Due to the nature of this content, some users who require Assistive Technology may experience accessibility issues. If you experience any problems while trying to access this content, please call the hotline at (916) 633-7655 or e-mail: FHSZinf...@fire.ca.gov.
It is your responsibility to prepare yourself, your family, and your home for when wildfire strikes. Creating and maintaining defensible space and hardening your home by retrofitting it with ignition-resistant or noncombustible materials to protect against the threat of flying embers, direct flame contact, and radiant heat exposure will dramatically increase your safety and the survivability of your home.
I first thought it was Venus, but according to this link, Venus is in the western sky and sets 2 hours after sunset. But this (very) bright star is still up even though it's midnight (6 hours after sunset).
It will be very difficult to tell you without knowing where you are located. Particularly, if you are in the northern or southern hemisphere. At this time of year, most of the brightest stars are in the sky. Also where in the sky, the particular star that you are wondering about is. And any other constellations that you can identify.
As mentioned earlier, the best method is usually to use software like Stellarium, which will tell you exactly where everything is, and hopefully give you a definitive answer to which object it is.
A good way to get to know what is visible at your location is to use a software that maps the sky. One such free software is Stellarium available for all platforms. You can easily either find your place (or a nearby place) in its built in database of locations or alternatively provide the longitude/latitude for your location. With such software you will be able to see the sky map in real time and hence figure out what everything is.
There's a link on the very page you link to for other planets that shows Jupiter apparently rising about 7 or 8 pm so that may be it. The article says "Watch for the moon to swing near Jupiter on December 18 and December 19." so if that bright object is near the moon on those dates that is probably what you are looking at.
This page provides an overview of how household food security and food insecurity are measured. For detailed technical information on measurement methods, questionnaires, and calculating food security scales, see Food Security in the U.S.: Survey Tools.
USDA does not have a measure of hunger or the number of hungry people. Prior to 2006, USDA described households with very low food security as "food insecure with hunger" and characterized them as households in which one or more people were hungry at times during the year because they could not afford enough food. "Hunger" in that description referred to "the uneasy or painful sensation caused by lack of food."
Information about the incidence of hunger is of considerable interest and potential value for policy and program design. But providing precise and useful information about hunger is hampered by the lack of a consistent meaning of the word. "Hunger" is understood variously by different people to refer to conditions across a broad range of severity, from rather mild food insecurity to prolonged clinical undernutrition.
USDA sought guidance from the Committee on National Statistics (CNSTAT) of the National Academies on the use of the word "hunger" in connection with food insecurity. The independent panel of experts convened by CNSTAT concluded that in official statistics, resource-constrained hunger (i.e., physiological hunger resulting from food insecurity) "...should refer to a potential consequence of food insecurity that, because of prolonged, involuntary lack of food, results in discomfort, illness, weakness, or pain that goes beyond the usual uneasy sensation."
Validated methods have not yet been developed to measure resource-constrained hunger in this sense, in the context of U.S. conditions. Such measurement would require the collection of more detailed and extensive information on physiological experiences of individual household members than could be accomplished effectively in the context of USDA's annual household food security survey.
USDA's measurement of food insecurity provides some information about the economic and social contexts that may lead to hunger but does not assess the extent to which hunger actually ensues.
The food security status of each household lies somewhere along a continuum extending from high food security to very low food security. This continuum is divided into four ranges, characterized as follows:
USDA introduced the above labels for ranges of food security in 2006. See Food Security in the U.S.: Definitions of Food Security for further information.
For most reporting purposes, USDA describes households with high or marginal food security as food secure and those with low or very low food security as food insecure.
Placement on this continuum is determined by the household's responses to a series of questions about behaviors and experiences associated with difficulty in meeting food needs. The questions cover a wide range of severity of food insecurity.
Most severe:
In the last 12 months, did you ever not eat for a whole day because there wasn't enough money for food?
In the last 12 months, did any of the children ever not eat for a whole day because there wasn't enough money for food?
Every question specifies the period (last 12 months) and specifies lack of resources as the reason for the behavior or experience ("we couldn't afford more food," "there was not enough money for food.")
Food insecure. Households that report three or more conditions that indicate food insecurity are classified as "food insecure." That is, they were at times unable to acquire adequate food for one or more household members because they had insufficient money and other resources for food. The three least severe conditions that would result in a household being classified as food insecure are:
Very low food security. Households having "very low food security" were food insecure to the extent that eating patterns of one or more household members were disrupted and their food intake reduced, at least some time during the year, because they could not afford enough food. To be classified as having "very low food security," households with no children present must report at least the three conditions listed above and also that:
Many report additional, more severe experiences and behaviors as well. If there are children in the household, their experiences and behaviors are also assessed, and an additional two affirmative responses are required for a classification of very low food security.
USDA's food security statistics are based on a national food security survey conducted as an annual supplement to the monthly Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS is a nationally representative survey conducted by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The CPS provides data for the Nation's monthly unemployment statistics, and annual income and poverty statistics.
Food insecurity means households were, at times, unable to acquire adequate food for one or more household members because the households had insufficient money and other resources for food. Food insecurity is measured at two levels of severity:
Annual food security statistics come from the Current Population Survey Food Security Supplement (CPS-FSS) data. Food insecurity status is assigned based on responses to the full household food security survey module. The module includes a series of 10 items for households without children and 18 items for households with children. (See Food Security in the U.S. for more information on food insecurity.)
Food insufficiency means households sometimes or often did not have enough to eat. In the HPS, food insufficiency is measured in the last 7 days. HPS was first fielded in April 2020, and continued through 2023. HPS was designed to collect near real-time information on the well-being of the U.S. population during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was intended to assess rapid changes over time and was designed as an internet survey with weekly or biweekly data collections. The survey covers many different topics, and the goal to keep the survey burden as low as possible necessitated succinct measures. Therefore, a single food sufficiency survey item was used in HPS rather than the full food security survey module included in the Current Population Survey Food Security Supplement (CPS-FSS). Although the full food security measure offers a more precise and detailed indicator, the advantage of the food insufficiency question is that it is short as well as being easy to administer and interpret. The characteristics of food insufficiency are compared with the characteristics of food insecurity in the section below, Comparing food insufficiency versus food security."
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