Lomas De Carabayllo Pdf Download
Roan Distilo
Abrigada entre nieblas y quebradas se encuentran las lomas de Carabayllo, un lugar que ostenta una gran belleza natural, un destino con enorme potencial ecoturístico sobre el cual los pobladores intentan construir los sueños del progreso.
La colección de empinados cerros lejanos que rodean estas magníficas lomas es arropada por la neblina, que ante los ojos del visitante, su mágica y azulada tonalidad, le confiere un aspecto casi surrealista al andar por este frágil ecosistema.
Aún así, entre los habitantes alados que quedan, se encuentra la lechuza de los arenales, los gorriones, palomas, tórtolas, el colorido turtupilín. En la tierra: roedores, serpientes, tarántulas, caracoles, mariquitas y otros insectos que dan vida a las lomas.
Within the desert vegetation of the South American coast, the lomas, also known as fog oasis, are isolated vegetation communities along the Chilean and Peruvian coast (Fig 1) occurring on small mountains or steep coastal slopes (< 1000 m a.s.l.) separated by flat hyper arid desert [14]. A typical loma mostly has annual herbs, but also perennial herbs, and a few woody plant [27,28]. Small trees such as Caesalpinia spinosa are restricted to a few lomas [28,29]. Isolation has promoted high levels of endemism, thus, there is little overlap between the species composition of the northern Peruvian, southern Peruvian and the Chilean lomas plant communities [30]. The lomas are classified as a fragile ecosystem, mainly because its extent has reduced considerably due to human activities such as overgrazing, logging and urban encroachment [29,31,32].
The lomas is an ecosystem with two distinct seasons, a dry season and a humid season (mostly between May and October) where elevational fog condenses to provide moisture for vegetation [28,33]. However, during El Niño events, high precipitation occurs throughout the year, causing constant vegetation presence, especially of ephemeral herbs [14]. Most studies that recorded El Niño event effects on lomas plant communities have focused on quantifying species richness [14,16,19,34], primary productivity [35] or abundance [36,37] separately. Recent studies have considered a more integrative assessment of lomas plant communities [24,38]. However, there are fewer studies that evaluate multiple plant community characteristics together during the ENSO.
In order to assess the ecological importance of the species in the lomas we calculated an importance value index (IVIi) per sampling campaign. This index can use one, or combinations of two or three, of the following parameters: relative frequency, relative abundance and relative vegetation cover depending on the objectives of the study [46,47]. Historically the most noticeable response of the vegetation of the South American coast to El Niño events has been the extensive blooming of the desert [48], therefore we chose to combine the relative vegetation cover and relative abundance because the first one can be interpreted as a proxy of biomass and the latter of regeneration. These two variables were weighted for each species as shown in Eq 1 per sampling campaign:
Unlike most studies which surveyed study sites in the arid ecosystems of the west coast of South America only during the growing season, we have surveyed our study sites at four points in time throughout the whole annual cycle of vegetation. Thus, our results could be used as baseline for comparisons with lomas that are unprotected and subject to grazing after the El Niño event.
En Lima, existen más de 19 mil hectáreas de lomas que, año tras año, reverdecen invitando a los visitantes a caminar por sus senderos y apreciar su belleza. Lugares como estos se encuentran en distritos como Villa María del Triunfo, Ancón, Rímac, San Juan de Lurigancho, y Carabayllo.
La dificultad no es mucha, aunque sí es necesario contar con el calzado y la indumentaria adecuada para un mejor recorrido. El camino, permite llegar a la cumbre de las lomas, desde donde se puede apreciar cómo las nubes lo cubren todo.