Reuters News Archive Download
Liese Scarp
As a news and information agency, Reuters goes back to 1851. Of the various news agencies which sprang up in the 19th century, Reuters is the sole survivorThe Reuters Archive contains stories and reports of major news events from the last two centuries as well as documentation, photographs, files and tapes generated by Reuters as a company. Material is made available at the discretion of Thomson Reuters
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News Archive offers access to historical news dating back to 1996, providing extensive news coverage, 25+ years of long point-in-time streamed News data, and extensive news coverage from Reuters and third-party news sources. With more than 10 million news stories and over 50,000 unique companies per year, News Archive uses standard symbologies to support work across datasets, with resolution of Companies and Topic codes to enable consistency as you work through the data. Explore the trends to uncover investment opportunities, evaluate risk, and speed up research and backtesting.
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Broadcast: Usage term restrictions with respect to use of content in news programming destined for broadcast television. Use by broadcasters on digital media properties, including re-casting or simulcasting, is permitted, provided that no other restrictions apply.
The agency was established in London in 1851 by the German-born Paul Reuter. It was acquired by the Thomson Corporation of Canada in 2008 and now makes up the news media division of Thomson Reuters.[4]
Paul Reuter worked at a book-publishing firm in Berlin and was involved in distributing radical pamphlets at the beginning of the Revolutions in 1848. These publications brought much attention to Reuter, who in 1850 developed a prototype news service in Aachen using homing pigeons and electric telegraphy from 1851 on, in order to transmit messages between Brussels and Aachen,[5] in what today is Aachen's Reuters House.
Reuter moved to London in 1851 and established a news wire agency at the London Royal Exchange. Headquartered in London, Reuter's company initially covered commercial news, serving banks, brokerage houses, and business firms.[6] The first newspaper client to subscribe was the London Morning Advertiser in 1858, and more began to subscribe soon after.[6][7] According to the Encyclopædia Britannica: "the value of Reuters to newspapers lay not only in the financial news it provided but in its ability to be the first to report on stories of international importance."[6] It was the first to report Abraham Lincoln's assassination in Europe, for instance, in 1865.[6][8]
In 1870 the press agencies French Havas (founded in 1835), British Reuter's (founded in 1851) and German Wolff (founded in 1849) signed an agreement (known as the Ring Combination) that set 'reserved territories' for the three agencies. Each agency made its own separate contracts with national agencies or other subscribers within its territory. In practice, Reuters, who came up with the idea, tended to dominate the Ring Combination. Its influence was greatest because its reserved territories were larger or of greater news importance than most others. It also had more staff and stringers throughout the world and thus contributed more original news to the pool. British control of cable lines made London itself an unrivalled centre for world news, further enhanced by Britain's wide-ranging commercial, financial and imperial activities.[10]
In 1872, Reuter's expanded into the Far East, followed by South America in 1874. Both expansions were made possible by advances in overland telegraphs and undersea cables.[8] In 1878, Reuter retired as managing director, and was succeeded by his eldest son, Herbert de Reuter.[9] In 1883, Reuter's began transmitting messages electrically to London newspapers.[8]
Reuter's son Herbert de Reuter continued as general manager until his death by suicide in 1915. The company returned to private ownership in 1916, when all shares were purchased by Roderick Jones and Mark Napier; they renamed the company "Reuters Limited", dropping the apostrophe.[9] In 1923, Reuters began using radio to transmit news internationally, a pioneering act.[8] In 1925, the Press Association (PA) of Great Britain acquired a majority interest in Reuters, and full ownership some years later.[6] During the world wars, The Guardian reported that Reuters: "came under pressure from the British government to serve national interests. In 1941, Reuters deflected the pressure by restructuring itself as a private company."[8] In 1941, the PA sold half of Reuters to the Newspaper Proprietors' Association, and co-ownership was expanded in 1947 to associations that represented daily newspapers in New Zealand and Australia.[6] The new owners formed the Reuters Trust. The Reuters Trust Principles were put in place to maintain the company's independence.[11] At that point, Reuters had become "one of the world's major news agencies, supplying both text and images to newspapers, other news agencies, and radio and television broadcasters."[6] Also at that point, it directly or through national news agencies provided service "to most countries, reaching virtually all the world's leading newspapers and many thousands of smaller ones", according to Britannica.[6]
In 1961, Reuters scooped news of the erection of the Berlin Wall.[12] Reuters was one of the first news agencies to transmit financial data over oceans via computers in the 1960s.[6] In 1973, Reuters "began making computer-terminal displays of foreign-exchange rates available to clients."[6] In 1981, Reuters began supporting electronic transactions on its computer network and afterwards developed a number of electronic brokerage and trading services.[6] Reuters was floated as a public company in 1984,[12] when Reuters Trust was listed on the stock exchanges[8] such as the London Stock Exchange (LSE) and NASDAQ.[6] Reuters later published the first story of the Berlin Wall being breached in 1989.[12]
Reuters' share price grew during the dotcom boom, then fell after the banking troubles in 2001.[8] In 2002, Britannica wrote that most news throughout the world came from three major agencies: the Associated Press, Reuters, and Agence France-Presse.[3]
Until 2008, the Reuters news agency formed part of an independent company, Reuters Group plc. Reuters was acquired by Thomson Corporation in Canada in 2008, forming Thomson Reuters.[6] In 2009, Thomson Reuters withdrew from the LSE and the NASDAQ, instead listing its shares on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) and the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).[6] The last surviving member of the Reuters family founders, Marguerite, Baroness de Reuter, died at age 96 on 25 January 2009.[13] The parent company Thomson Reuters is headquartered in Toronto, and provides financial information to clients while also maintaining its traditional news-agency business.[6]
In May 2000, Kurt Schork, an American reporter, was killed in an ambush while on assignment in Sierra Leone. In April and August 2003, news cameramen Taras Protsyuk and Mazen Dana were killed in separate incidents by U.S. troops in Iraq. In July 2007, Namir Noor-Eldeen and Saeed Chmagh were killed when they were struck by fire from a U.S. military Apache helicopter in Baghdad.[23][24] During 2004, cameramen Adlan Khasanov was killed by Chechen separatists, and Dhia Najim was killed in Iraq. In April 2008, cameraman Fadel Shana was killed in the Gaza Strip after being hit by an Israeli tank.[25][26]
Reuters has a policy of taking a "value-neutral approach" which extends to not using the word terrorist in its stories. The practice attracted criticism following the September 11 attacks.[42] Reuters' editorial policy states: "Reuters may refer without attribution to terrorism and counterterrorism in general, but do not refer to specific events as terrorism. Nor does Reuters use the word terrorist without attribution to qualify specific individuals, groups or events."[43] By contrast, the Associated Press does use the term terrorist in reference to non-governmental organizations who carry out attacks on civilian populations.[42] In 2004, Reuters asked CanWest Global Communications, a Canadian newspaper chain, to remove Reuters' bylines, as the chain had edited Reuters articles to insert the word terrorist. A spokesman for Reuters stated: "My goal is to protect my reporters and protect our editorial integrity."[44]
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